Format:
Online-Ressource (XVIII, 252 S.)
Edition:
Online-Ausg. Springer eBook Collection. Earth and Environmental Science Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
ISBN:
9786613704511
,
9789048186792
,
9781280794124
Series Statement:
International Year of Planet Earth
Content:
Friedrich-W. Wellmer
Content:
All the solid fuels fossil energy and mineral commodities we use come out of the Earth. Modern society is increasingly dependent on mineral and fossil energy sources. They differ in availability, cost of production, and geographical distribution. Even if solid fuels, fossil energy resources and mineral commodities are non-renewable, the extracted metals can to a large extent be recycled and used again and again. Although the stock of these secondary resources and their use increases, the world still needs and will continue to need primary mineral resources for the foreseeable future. Growing demands have begun to restrict availability of these resources. The Earth is not running out of critical mineral resources - at least for the near future - but the ability to explore and extract these resources is being restricted in many regions by competing land use, as well as political and environmental issues. Extraction of natural resources requires a clear focus on sustainable development, involving economic, environmental and socio-cultural aspects. Although we do not know what the most important resources will be in 100 years from now, we can be quite certain that society will still need energy and a wide range of raw materials. These resources will include oil and gas, coal, uranium, thorium, geothermal, metallic minerals, industrial and specialty minerals, including cement, raw materials, rare-earth elements. A global approach for assessing the magnitude and future availability of these resources is called for - an approach that, with appropriate international collaboration, was started within the triennium of the International Year of Planet Earth. Some global mineral resource assessments, involving inter-governmental collaboration, have already been initiated. The International Year of Planet Earth helped to focus attention on how the geosciences can generate prosperity locally and globally, as well as sustainability issues in both developed and developing countries.
Note:
Description based upon print version of record
,
Non-Renewable Resource Issues; Foreword; Series Preface; Preface; Acknowledgements; Contents; Contributors; Non-renewable Resource Issues: Geoscientific and Societal Challenges: An Introduction; A New Natural Resources Boom; The General Trend of Dematerialization; Trend of Industrialized Countries to Reduce the Importance of Manufacturing Sector; Analysing Future Supply Risks; Physical Availability of Natural Resources; Increasing Natural Resources Efficiency; Corporate Social Responsibility to Exploit Natural Resources; Final Remarks; References
,
Raw Materials Initiative: A Contribution to the European Minerals Policy FrameworkIntroduction; Mineral Resources: Policy and Sustainability Considerations; Land Access, Regulatory Framework, Voluntary Actions; Sustainability-Based Minerals Policy; Minerals Policy in the Raw Materials Initiative; Minerals Policy in the Framework of the EU Raw Materials Initiative; Basic Actions/Components of Minerals Policy; Regulations; Information; EU Minerals Policy Forthcoming Issues: The European Innovation Partnership; Challenges and Options; Conclusions; References; Discovery and Sustainability
,
ArticleReferences; Is Depletion Likely to Create Significant Scarcities of Future Petroleum Resources?; Introduction; Methodology; The USGS World Petroleum Assessment; Conventional Petroleum Resources; Conventional Petroleum Future Volumes for Provinces Assessed by USGS ( 2000); Conventional Petroleum Future Volumes in Unassessed Provinces; Future Reserve Growth; Production Costs of Conventional Future Petroleum; Cumulative Availability Curves for Conventional Future Petroleum; Three Unconventional Petroleum Resources; Conventional and Unconventional Resources
,
The Combined Cumulative Availability CurveResource Life Expectancies; Conclusions; Appendix A: The Variable Shape Distribution (VSD) Model; Appendix B: Production Costs for Conventional Petroleum; Appendix C; References; Coal: An Energy Source for Future World Needs; Introduction; What Is Meant by Reserves and Resources?; Approach in Calculating Reserves; World Hard Coal Production; World Market; CO 2 Emissions from Coal; Where Are the World's Lignite and Hard Coal Deposits?; Lignite; Hard Coal; Summary; References
,
Uranium and Thorium: The Extreme Diversity of the Resources of the World's Energy MineralsIntroduction; Uranium Resources; Magmatic Deposits; Related to Crystal Fractionation; Related to Partial Melting; Hydrothermal Deposits; Volcanic-Hydrothermal Systems; Granite-Hydrothermal Systems; Diagenetic-Hydrothermal Systems; Tabular Intraformational Redox Control Deposits; Tectonolithologic Intraformational Redox Control Deposits; Diagenetic-Hydrothermal Karsts; Basin/Basement Redox-Controlled Deposits; Interformational Redox-Controlled Uranium Deposits; Metamorphic Systems; Metasomatic Systems
,
Na-Metasomatism-Related Deposits
,
Electronic reproduction; Available via World Wide Web
Additional Edition:
ISBN 9789048186785
Additional Edition:
ISBN 9789048186785
Language:
English
Keywords:
Rohstoffreserve
;
Rohstoffversorgung
;
Geologie
;
Gesellschaft
DOI:
10.1007/978-90-481-8679-2
