Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

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Umfang: 1 online resource (404 pages)

Ausgabe: 1st ed.

ISBN: 9781107003705 , 9781139099592

Inhalt: How can the quality of scientific advice given to political decision-makers be controlled and assured? This book argues that institutional design provides the key. With examples from agencies and think tanks around the world, the authors explore the fundamental principles of quality control and the institutional practices implementing them

Anmerkung: Cover -- The Politics of Scientific Advice -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Figures -- Tables -- Acknowledgements -- Biographical notes -- Part I Methodological issues: quality control and assurance in scientific policy advice -- 1 Introduction: the quest for quality as a challenge to scientific policy advice: an overdue debate? -- The problem of quality in scientific advice to policymaking -- Quality as a question of organisational design -- Model organisations for scientific policy advice -- Principles of good advice -- Distance and independence between advisers and the advised -- Plurality refers to forms of advice, the range of disciplines and advisers -- Transparency of advice and decision-making processes helps to establish trust in them and in the arguments that inform them -- Publicity and openness secure equal access to all relevant information and are the preconditions of trust -- REFERENCES -- 2 Quality control and peer review in advisory science -- Science and politics: a question of boundaries -- Expertise and the public trust -- Virtuous reason: a cultural perspective -- Conclusion -- REFERENCES -- 3 Reconciling representation with reality: unitisation as an example for science and public policy -- Introduction: why 'getting the science right' is wrong -- I Why the costs of complex models may not be not paid back -- II Uncertainty is inevitable, recrimination is not -- How do we do that? -- III Living with uncertainty: the unitisation model -- IV You do not have to 'get all the details right the first time' -- V Objections? -- Conclusion -- REFERENCES -- 4 Looking for quality in all the wrong places, or: the technological origins of quality in scientific policy advice -- REFERENCES -- Part II Collegial science advisory bodies , 14 Reflective approaches to uncertainty assessment and communication -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Models cannot remedy ignorance -- 3 Reflective approaches to uncertainty -- 3.1 The NUSAP system -- 3.2 The RIVM/MNP Uncertainty Guidance -- 4 Conclusion -- REFERENCES -- 15 Looking through the telescope - quality assurance in scientific advice to politics -- Publications, patents and professorships versus politics, practices and popularity -- The multifarious requirements of scientific advice to politics -- Own research is essential -- Qualified researchers -- Assuring quality -- Networking is essential -- Party political neutrality -- Communication -- How does one recognise good advice to politics? -- REFERENCES -- 16 Scientific policy advice and foreign policymaking - Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (SWP), the German Institute for International and Security Affairs -- Function and form -- The market of policy advice -- Organisational measures to secure originality and quality -- External evaluation -- Independence and closeness -- REFERENCES -- Part V Academies of science -- 17 Scientific advice for policy in the United States: lessons from the National Academies and the Former Congressional Office of Technology Assessment -- Introduction -- The role of the National Academies -- Key strengths of the NRC study process -- Overview of the NRC study process -- Stage 1: study definition -- Stage 2: committee selection -- Stage 3: committee activity -- Stage 4: report review -- Stage 5: publication and dissemination -- Special challenges for NRC study processes -- A current gap in advice matched to congressional needs -- Example: the future of the US electric power system -- Real-time advice: a continuing imperative -- Collaboration and the GAO experiment -- The former Office of Technology Assessment -- OTA's organisational structure , 5 Knowledge, advice and influence: the role of the UK Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution, 1970-2009 -- Introduction: in search of theory -- The Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution -- Conceptualising the role of advisory bodies -- The circumstances of influence -- Visible, short-term responses -- Dormant seeds -- Changing frames -- Invisible influence -- Doing good by stealth -- Giving good advice? -- REFERENCES -- 6 International Commission on Radiological Protection: policy and worldwide standards -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Structure, operation and members of ICRP -- 3 Scientific basis for radiological protection -- 4 Principles of radiological protection -- 5 Aspects of decision processes -- 6 Summary -- REFERENCES -- 7 The European Commission and the collection and use of science and technology advice -- 1 Introduction: scientists advise - policymakers decide -- 2 Governance: science advice in the European Commission -- 2.1 Dissent -- 2.2 Democratising expertise -- 2.3 The Bureau of European Policy Advisers (BEPA) -- The Commission's central think tank -- 3 Ethics: the European Group on Ethics in Science and New Technologies -- 3.1 The role of the EGE -- 3.2 Governance and the EGE -- 4 Technology: advice and the regulation of risks arising from the application of new technologies in the EU -- 4.1 Food safety -- 4.2 GMOs -- 4.3 Chemical safety -- 5 Concluding comments -- REFERENCES -- Part III Collegial science policy advisory bodies -- 8 RMNO and quality control of scientific advice to policy -- 1 RMNO, the Advisory Council for Research on Spatial Planning, Nature and the Environment in the Netherlands -- 2 What does the RMNO do? -- 3 Quality of scientific advice is more than the scientific quality of advice -- 4 The classic model of rational policymaking -- 5 The rational model and reality , 6 The nature of the policy problem should be the point of departure for scientists -- 7 Assessment of societal quality of scientific advice: a possible instrument? -- 8 Evaluation of scientific advice in the Netherlands -- 9 Institutionalised patterns of advising in the Netherlands -- 10 Discourses on the interface of science and policy -- 11 Lessons learned -- 12 A knowledge auditor -- REFERENCES -- 9 Quality assurance through procedures - policy advice by the German Science Council -- 1 The Science Council as an arena for science policy -- 2 What is good science policy advice? -- Intersubjective plausibility -- Political connectivity -- Practicability -- 3 Quality assurance through procedures - the example of institutional evaluation -- Evaluation criteria -- Recruitment of experts -- Participation of involved parties -- Multi-level procedure -- 4 Uncertainties, typical conflicts and conflict resolution -- Lessons learned -- Acknowledgements -- REFERENCES -- Part IV Research-based advisory organisations -- 10 The industrial organisation of economic policy preparation in the Netherlands -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Early history of economic policy preparation in the Netherlands -- Kluit and Vissering -- Descriptive versus mathematical statistics -- Statistics as a public good -- Micro- versus macrodata -- 3 The polder model and the Tinbergen legacy -- Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis (CPB) -- Foundation of Labour and Social Economic Council -- Other institutes -- 4 An example: economic effects of election programmes -- Pros -- Cons -- 5 Quality control of scientific advice -- What is quality? -- Which criteria for quality? -- Institutions and formalised procedures -- Debate and controversy -- Monopoly versus competition -- Wage moderation -- Equilibrium modelling -- 6 A comparison with France -- Policy institutions in France , INSEE, DP and CGP -- Conseil Economique et Social -- Comparison of institutions in France and the Netherlands -- 7 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- REFERENCES -- 11 Quality control for the leading institutes of economic research in Germany: promoting quality within and competition between the institutes -- Introduction -- 1 General discussion -- 1.1 Basic problems of research-based policy advice -- 1.2 The case of economics -- 2 The leading institutes for economic research in Germany -- 3 An example: the German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin) -- 4 Conclusions and outlook -- REFERENCES -- 12 Quality control and the link between science and regulation from a national and EU administrator's perspective -- Introduction -- The theory -- The perils of risk assessment -- Transfer between risk assessors and risk managers -- The interface between politicians and risk managers -- Conclusion: the way forward -- 13 Science into policy: The European Environment Agency -- Providing environmental information and framing the discourse - the EEA's tasks and institutional settings -- Key for assuring reliable, credible and targeted environmental reporting: the European Environment Information and Observation Network (EIONET), the Management Board and the Scientific Committee -- Quality was key to establish the EEA as a credible actor -- Two main contexts of quality: reliable data for influential assessments -- Quality at the level of data gathering and processing -- Framing of quality in the context of provision of information to users -- Knowledge context -- Relevance to the problem in focus -- Reliability of the information -- Robustness of the information -- Timing and scaling -- Targetedness -- Disseminating expertise in the field of quality control and quality assurance -- Conclusions -- REFERENCES , OTA's process of technology assessment16

Weitere Ausg.: Print version Lentsch, Justus The Politics of Scientific Advice Cambridge : Cambridge University Press,c2011 ISBN 9781107003705

Sprache: Englisch

Schlagwort(e): Electronic books

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