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Umfang: 1 online resource (412 pages)

Ausgabe: 1st ed.

ISBN: 9781107009356 , 9781139530569

Inhalt: The first edited volume to provide a comprehensive and multidisciplinary overview of the key drivers and impacts of biofuel production and use in developing countries. It is an indispensable companion for academics, practitioners and policy makers who wish to know more about biofuel issues in the developing world

Anmerkung: Cover -- SOCIOECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF BIOFUELS: Evidence from Developing Nations -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Foreword -- Part One: Global overview -- 1: Biofuels at the confluence of energy security, rural development, and food security: A developing country perspective -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Energy provision -- 2.1. Biofuel and feedstock types -- 2.1.1. First-generation bioethanol -- 2.1.2. First-generation biodiesel -- 2.1.3. Second-generation biofuels -- 2.2. Energy balances -- 2.3. Energy security -- 3. Rural development -- 3.1. Feedstock production and rural employment -- 3.2. Feedstock production and income generation -- 3.3. The role and risks of different feedstock production systems -- 3.3.1. Large-scale feedstock production -- 3.3.2. Feedstock production by smallholders -- 3.3.3. Small-scale production for local consumption -- 3.3.4. Market-oriented smallholders: Negotiation power and risk exposure -- 3.3.5. International market risks -- 3.3.6. The role of subsidies -- 4. Food security and access to food -- 4.1. Competition between biofuels and food production -- 4.2. Biofuels and food prices -- 4.3. Impact on food security -- 5. Discussion -- 6. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- 2: The interrelations of future global bioenergy potentials, food demand, and agricultural technology -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methods and data -- 2.1. The biomass-balance model -- 2.2. Assumptions on future diets -- 2.3. Assumptions on livestock feeding efficiency -- 2.4. Assumptions on cropland yields -- 2.5. Assumptions on cropland expansion -- 3. Results -- 4. Discussion -- 5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- 3: Air pollution impacts of biofuels -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Overview of atmospheric pollutants -- 2.1. Greenhouse gases , 2.2. Carbon monoxide -- 2.3. Sulfur dioxide -- 2.4. Particulate matter -- 2.5. Ammonia -- 2.6. Nitrogen oxide -- 2.7. Ozone -- 2.8. Volatile organic compounds -- 3. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- 4: Water for bioenergy: A global analysis -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methodology -- 3. Overview of bioenergy WF studies -- 3.1. Bioethanol -- 3.2. Biodiesel -- 3.3. Heat and electricity generation from biomass -- 3.4. Other energy carriers -- 4. Results -- 4.1. Bioethanol -- 4.2. Biodiesel -- 4.3. Heat and electricity generation from biomass -- 4.4. Comparison with other studies -- 4.5. Comparison with the WF of other primary energy carriers -- 5. Discussion -- 6. Conclusions -- 5: The challenges of estimating tropical deforestation due to biofuel expansion -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Review of the biofuel-induced deforestation literature -- 3. Current biofuel-deforestation hotspots -- 3.1. Main biofuel hotspots at the global level -- 3.2. Main deforestation hotspots at the global level -- 3.3. Spatial analysis of tropical deforestation and biofuel development -- 4. Challenges -- 4.1. Methodological challenges related to biofuels -- 4.1.1. Limited availability of production data -- 4.1.2. Multipurpose nature of biofuel feedstocks -- 4.2. Challenges related to measuring tropical deforestation at the global scale -- 4.2.1. Data in global databases and lack of standard definitions about deforestation -- 4.2.2. Limited availability of global maps and images -- 4.2.3. Difficulties in numerically (and spatially explicitly) ascribing deforestation to particular drivers -- 4.3. Methodological challenges related to the direct and indirect land use change effects of biofuel production -- 5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- Part Two: The case of Brazil -- 6: The Brazilian bioethanol and biodiesel programs: Drivers, policies, and impacts , 2.3. Conceptualizing households under case 1 -- 2.4. Conceptualizing households under case 2 -- 2.5. Conceptualizing households under case 3 -- 2.6. Summary across cases -- 3. The dynamic nature of household allocation decisions -- 3.1. Resource allocation as a sequential series of decisions -- 3.2. Household risk and failed biofuel ventures -- 4. Policy implications and relation to the empirical literature -- 5. Conclusions -- Appendix -- 12: Energy security, agroindustrial development, and international trade: The case of sugarcane in Southern Africa -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Biomass resources and sugarcane in Southern Africa -- 2.1. Current sugarcane production -- 2.2. Sugar markets in SADC -- 2.3. Bioenergy and sugarcane potential -- 2.4. Productivity and competitiveness -- 3. Economic drivers and constraints -- 3.1. Regional energy infrastructure and economic growth -- 3.2. Bioethanol production in Southern Africa -- 3.3. Cogeneration in the sugar industry -- 3.4. Reliability of supply and avoided costs -- 4. Implementation strategies -- 4.1. Ethanol strategies -- 4.2. Bagasse-based electricity generation strategies -- 4.3. Other coproduct markets -- 5. International trade and policy options -- 5.1. Local and national markets -- 5.2. Regional trade -- 5.3. International biofuel markets -- 5.4. Domestic versus export markets -- 5.5. International trade barriers -- 5.6. Standards and certification -- 6. Conclusions -- 13: Environmental and socioeconomic considerations for jatropha growing in Southern Africa -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Greenhouse gas emissions of jatropha production -- 2.1. Land use change impacts on carbon -- 2.2. CO2 emissions compared to petro-diesel -- 3. Biodiversity -- 3.1. Invasiveness -- 3.2. Biodiversity impacts from land use change -- 3.3. Biodiversity impacts of biofuel versus fossil fuel , 3.3. Scenario 2 -- 4. Results -- 4.1. Scenario 1 -- 4.2. Scenario 2 -- 5. Conclusions -- Part Three: Asia -- 9: Biofuel expansion in Southeast Asia: Biodiversity impacts and policy guidelines -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Oil palm expansion and tropical biodiversity -- 2.1. Biodiversity loss -- 2.2. Drivers of biodiversity loss -- 2.2.1. Habitat loss -- 2.2.2. Environmental pollution -- 2.2.3. Interaction with other frontier-opening activities -- 3. Reconciling biofuel expansion with biodiversity conservation -- 3.1. Degraded lands -- 3.2. Payment for ecosystem services -- 3.3. Improve management practices -- 3.4. Certification schemes -- 3.5. Designer landscapes -- 3.6. Understanding trade-offs of alternative development options -- 4. Conclusions -- 10: Jatropha production for biodiesel in Yunnan, China: Implications for sustainability at the village level -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Data sources -- 3. Overview of the jatropha-producing villages and households in Yunnan -- 3.1. Economic status of the surveyed villages -- 3.2. Land use for jatropha production as a new cash crop -- 3.3. Mode of jatropha business -- 3.4. Characteristics of jatropha-producing households -- 4. Implications for sustainability from the village-level data -- 5. Sustainability implications of the household-level data -- 5.1. Labor input -- 5.2. Production cost and profitability -- 5.3. Perceptions and concerns regarding jatropha production -- 5.4. Other factors relating to the sustainability of jatropha production -- 6. Discussion -- 7. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- Part Four: Africa -- 11: Biofuels and Africa: Impacts and linkages at the household level -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Household-level linkages: Market-driven welfare impacts -- 2.1. Households as individual production units -- 2.2. Taking consideration of household differences , 4. Hydrology and yields , Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The bioethanol program -- 2.1. History and main policies -- 2.2. Production trends -- 2.3. Energy and environmental impacts -- 2.3.1. Energy and climate -- 2.3.2. Air quality -- 2.3.3. Water quality -- 2.3.4. Biodiversity -- 2.4. Socioeconomic issues -- 2.4.1. Macroeconomic effects -- 2.4.2. Income and labor standards -- 2.4.3. Land tenure -- 2.4.4. Food security -- 3. The biodiesel program -- 3.1. Main drivers and policies -- 3.2. Production trends -- 3.3. Energy and environmental impacts -- 3.3.1. Energy and climate -- 3.3.2. Air quality -- 3.4. Economic issues -- 3.5. Social impacts -- 4. Discussion -- 5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- 7: Power, social impacts, and certification of ethanol fuel: View from the Northeast of Brazil -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Brazilian sugarcane ethanol and power: History and structures -- 3. The social virtues and vices of ethanol in the Northeast -- 4. The forgotten Northeast -- 4.1. The continuous decline of the Northeast sugar and ethanol sector -- 4.2. Political, economic, and cultural hegemony of the Northeast usineiro -- 4.3. The biofuel boom and the future of Northeast sugar and ethanol sector -- 5. Criteria for successful certification and power relations in the Northeast -- 5.1. Certification should be based on theory -- 5.2. Certification should be relevant to key stakeholders -- 5.3. Certification should be implemented and enforced -- 6. From center-periphery relations to global biofuel assemblages - competing paradigms, biofuels, and certification -- 7. Conclusion -- 8: Implications of global ethanol expansion on Brazilian regional land use -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Model description -- 2.1. Overview of the modeling system -- 2.2. The regional Brazil model -- 2.3. The ethanol model -- 3. Scenarios -- 3.1. Baseline -- 3.2. Scenario 1

Weitere Ausg.: Print version Gasparatos, Alexandros Socioeconomic and Environmental Impacts of Biofuels New York : Cambridge University Press,c2012 ISBN 9781107009356

Sprache: Englisch

Schlagwort(e): Electronic books

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