Format:
1 online resource (226 pages)
Edition:
2nd ed.
ISBN:
9781107034846
,
9781107307001
Content:
The economic impact and cost of shadow economies have become a pronounced international problem. This second edition uses new data from seventy-six developing, transition and OECD countries to give an overview on the subject and propose solutions to prevent illicit work
Note:
Cover -- Contents -- Figures -- Tables -- 1 The shadow economy: a challenge for economic and social policy -- 2 Defining the 'shadow economy' -- 2.1 Informal economic activity and national income accounts -- 2.2 Shadow economy, tax evasion, and illicit work -- 3 Methods to estimate the size of the shadow economy -- 3.1 Direct approaches -- 3.2 Indirect approaches -- 3.2.1 The discrepancy between national expenditure and income statistics -- 3.2.2 The discrepancy between the official and actual labour force -- 3.2.3 Monetary methods -- 3.2.3.1 The transactions approach -- 3.2.3.2 The currency demand approach -- 3.2.4 The physical input (electricity consumption) method -- 3.2.4.1 The Kaufmann-Kaliberda method -- 3.2.4.2 The Lackó method -- 3.3 The model approach -- -- -- Causes -- Indicators -- 3.4 Summary of the methods used to estimate the size of the shadow economy -- 4 Size of shadow economies around the world -- 4.1 The results for 151 countries -- 4.2 151 countries from all over the world -- 4.2.1 Twenty-five high-income OECD countries -- 4.3 Transition countries (Eastern Europe and central Asia) -- 4.4 Developing countries -- 4.5 The size of shadow economies according to continents -- 5 The size of the shadow-economy labour force -- 5.1 Illicit work and the shadow-economy labour force -- 5.2 Developing countries - earlier results -- 5.3 Transition countries - earlier results -- 5.4 Developing and transition countries - latest results -- 5.5 OECD countries -- 6 An integrated approach to explain deviant behaviour -- 6.1 Structure of the model -- 6.1.1 Synergy effects of an integrative approach -- 6.1.2 Developing a model -- 6.2 Criticising the neoclassical and welfare-theoretical considerations -- 6.2.1 Criticising the concept of Homo Oeconomicus -- 6.2.1.1 An integrated human concept -- 6.2.2 Modifications
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6.2.2.1 Satisficing and bounded rationality -- 6.2.2.2 Frames -- 6.2.2.3 Habits -- 6.2.2.4 The man component of the RREEMM model -- 6.3 Microeconomic foundation -- 6.3.1 The explanatory contribution of economics -- 6.3.2 Basic assumptions and aspects -- 6.3.3 Models of taxation and punishment -- 6.3.3.1 Models of time allocation -- 6.3.3.2 Models of tax evasion -- 6.3.4 The extended income-leisure model -- 6.3.4.1 Graphical treatment of the basic neoclassical model -- 6.3.4.2 Illicit work and regulated working time -- 6.3.4.3 Effects of a reduction in working hours -- 6.3.5 Limitations of the income-leisure model -- 6.4 Institutional and sociological aspects -- 6.4.1 The sociological explanatory contribution -- 6.4.2 Descriptive variables, demography, and changing values -- 6.4.3 Institutions and restrictions -- 6.4.4 Some empirical investigation in Germany -- 6.4.4.1 Attitudes towards illicit work in Germany -- 6.4.4.2 Personal characteristics and sociological factors -- 6.5 Explanatory approaches in socio- and economic psychology -- 6.5.1 The explanatory contribution of socio- and economic psychology -- 6.5.2 Control and reactance theory -- 6.5.2.1 Control theory -- 6.5.2.2 Reactance theory and the shadow economy -- 6.5.3 Economic psychology -- 6.5.4 Empirical results on socio- and finance psychological factors -- 6.5.4.1 Weight and perception of burden in Germany -- 6.5.4.2 Taxation, tax morality, and regulation -- 6.5.4.3 Illicit work -- 6.6 An integrative approach -- 6.7 An evolutionary theory of the shadow economy -- 7 Analysing the causes and measures of economic policy -- 7.1 Government failure - the main cause of illicit work -- 7.2 Growing tax burden in the official sector - negative incentives through taxes -- 7.3 Density of regulation -- 7.3.1 Investigation of the impact of regulations
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7.3.2 Regulations, official labour force, and long-term unemployment -- 7.4 Estimations of the impact of regulation on shadow economies -- 7.4.1 Bivariate analysis: regulation and the shadow economy -- 7.4.2 Bivariate analysis: quality of institutions and shadow economies -- 7.4.3 Results of the random effects model -- 7.4.4 Simulation of deregulation effects on the German shadow economy -- 7.5 Political implications -- 7.6 The shadow economy - a challenge for governments -- 7.7 Measures to fight shadow economic activities -- 7.7.1 Fighting the symptoms: a hardly successful strategy -- 7.7.2 Tax deductions -- 7.7.3 Effects of a minimum wage -- 8 Effects of the increasing shadow economy -- 8.1 Allocation effects -- 8.1.1 Macroeconomic waste of resources -- 8.1.2 Reduced economic growth due to a distorted production structure -- 8.1.3 Reduced economic growth due to the lack of financing of infrastructure projects -- 8.1.4 Undistorted scarcity prices in the shadow economy -- 8.1.5 Supporting division of labour in the economy -- 8.1.6 Does the shadow economy intensify or distort competition? -- 8.1.7 Additional innovation potential in the shadow economy -- 8.1.8 Making use of fallow resources by employing illicit workers -- 8.1.9 Summing up allocation effects -- 8.2 Distribution effects -- 8.3 Stabilisation effects -- 8.4 Fiscal effects -- 8.4.1 Influence on tax yield -- 8.4.2 Influence on social security systems -- 8.4.3 Summarising the fiscal effects -- 9 The 'two-pillar strategy' -- 9.1 On the necessity for a rational economic policy -- 9.2 'Exit' and 'voice' as behavioural options -- 9.3 Decreasing the attractiveness of the 'exit option' -- 9.4 Strengthening the 'voice option' -- 9.5 Legalising illicit work? -- 9.6 Combating illicit work: the perspective of public choice theory -- 9.6.1 The view of employees, voters, and taxpayers
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9.6.2 The interests of the trade unions and employers' associations -- 9.6.3 The situation of the government -- 9.6.4 Conclusion: little interest in combating illicit work -- 10 Conclusion and outlook -- References -- Index
Additional Edition:
Print version Schneider, Friedrich The Shadow Economy New York : Cambridge University Press,c2013 ISBN 9781107034846
Language:
English
Keywords:
Electronic books
URL:
FULL
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