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    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Berlin, Heidelberg :Springer Berlin Heidelberg :
    UID:
    almahu_9949199501302882
    Umfang: XV, 397 p. , online resource.
    Ausgabe: 1st ed. 1986.
    ISBN: 9783642696923
    Serie: Springer Series in Synergetics, 25
    Inhalt: The main aim of these lectures is to tri gger the interest of the restless under­ graduate student of physical, mathematical, engineering, or biological sciences in the new and exciting multidisciplinary area of the evolution of "large-scale" dynamical systems. This text grew out of a synthesis of rather heterogeneous mate­ rial that I presented on various occasions and in different contexts. For example, from lectures given since 1972 to first- and final-year undergraduate and first­ year graduate students at the School of Engineering of the University of Patras and from informal seminars offered to an international group of graduate and post­ doctoral students and faculty members at the University of Stuttgart in the aca­ demic year 1982-1983. Those who search for rigor or even formality in this book are bound to be rather disappointed. My intention is to start from "scratch" if possible, keeping the rea­ soning heuristic and tied as closely as possible to physical intuition; I assume as prerequisites just basic knowledge of (classical) physics (at the level of the Berkeley series or the Feynman lectures), calculus, and some elements of probabil­ ity theory. This does not mean that I intended to write an easy book, but rather to eliminate any difficulty for an eager reader who, in spite of incomplete for­ malistic training, would like to become acquainted with the physical ideas and con­ cepts underlying the evolution and dynamics of complex systems.
    Anmerkung: 1. Introduction -- 1.1 What This Book Is About -- 1.2 Statement of the Problem -- 1.3 Some Preliminary Definitions of Complexity and Organization -- 2. Preliminaries from Nonlinear Dynamics and Statistical Physics -- 2.1 Symmetries and Conservation Principles -- 2.2 Instabilities at the Root of Broken Symmetries, Dissipation, and Irreversibility for Low-Dimensional (Not Statistical) Dynamical Systems -- 2.3 Elements of Statistical Physics and Their Relevance to Evolutionary Phenomena -- 2.4 Concluding Remarks -- 3. The Role of Spherical Electromagnetic Waves as Information Carriers -- 3.1 Radiation from Accelerated Charge in Vacuo. The Concept of "Self"-Force. Thermodynamics of Electromagnetic Radiation -- 3.2 Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in Dispersive Media and Lossy Media -- 3.3 Analysis of a Spherical Wave in Terms of Elemental "Rays". The Mode Theory of Wave Propagation. Excitable Modes (Degrees of Freedom) in a Closed Cavity -- 3.4 The Entropy of Electromagnetic Radiation. Information Received by an Electromagnetic Wave Impinging on a Finite Aperture. Ambiguity of Perception -- 4. Elements of Information and Coding Theory, with Applications -- 4.1 Information Transfer and the Concept of Channel Capacity for Discrete and Continuous Memoryless Signals -- 4.2 Some Ideas from Coding Theory Instrumental in Minimizing Reception Error -- 4.3 Some Efficient Coding Algorithms for Source-Channel Matching and Single-Error Detection and Correction -- 4.4 Information Sources with Memory. Markov Chains -- 4.5 Specific Examples of Some Useful Channels and Calculations of Their Capacities -- 4.6 Modeling of Stochastic Time Series -- 4.7 Communication Between Two Hierarchical Systems Modeled by Controlled Markov Chains -- 4.8 Emergence of New Hierarchical Levels in a Self-Organizing System -- 5. Elements of Game Theory, with Applications -- 5.1 Constant-Sum Games -- 5.2 Non-Constant-Sum Games -- 5.3 Competing Species -- 5.4 Survival and Extinction -- 5.5 Some Elementary Knowledge from Genetics: Selection and Fitness -- 5.6 Games Between Animals Adopting Specific Modes of Behavior (Roles). Concepts of Evolutionarily Stable Strategy -- 5.7 The Game of Competitive-Cooperative Production and Exchange. The Concept of "Parasite" at a Symbolic Level -- 5.8 Epidemiology of Rumors -- 6. Stochasticiky Due to Deterministic Dynamics in Three- or Higher-Dimensional Space: Chaos and Strange Attractors -- 6.1 A Reappraisal of Classical Statistical Mechanics. The Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser Theorem -- 6.2 Dynamics in Three-Dimensional State Space (Three Degrees of Freedom). Steady States, Limit Cycles, Attracting Tori -- 6.3 Strange Attractors -- 6.4 Parameters Characterizing the Average Behavior of Strange Attractors: Dimensions, Entropies, and Lyapounov Exponents -- 6.5 A Possible Role for Chaos in Reliable Information Processing -- 6.6 Comments on the Effects of Internal Fluctuations and External Noise on the Stability Properties of Dynamical Systems -- 7. Epilogue: Relevance of Chaos to Biology and Related Fields -- 7.1 Computational Complexity -- 7.2 Towards a Dynamic Theory of Language -- 7.3 Concluding Remarks -- A. A View of the Role of External Noise at a Neuronal Hierarchical Level -- A.1 Introduction to the Problem -- A.2 Organization Through Weak Stationary-Amplitude Noise -- A.3 Relevance of the Model to Neuronal and Cognitive Organization -- B. On the Difficulty of Treating the Transaction Between Two Hierarchical Levels with Continuous Nonlinear Dynamics -- B.1 The Level Q of Partner I -- B.2 Homeostasis and Cross-Correlations -- B.3 The Level W of Partner I -- B.4 The Controller -- C. Noisy Entrainment of a Slightly Nonlinear Relaxation Oscillator by an External Harmonic Excitation -- C.1 General Description of the Model -- C.2 A Method for the Study of Entrainment -- C.2.1 Strict Entrainment -- C.2.2 Loose or "Jittery" Entrainment -- C.2.3 Pure "Free-Running" Oscillation -- C.2.4 Free-Running Oscillation -- C.3 Mathematical Treatment and Computer Simulation -- C.4 Behavior of the Oscillator Under an Applied Harmonic Excitation (Entrainment) -- References.
    In: Springer Nature eBook
    Weitere Ausg.: Printed edition: ISBN 9783642696947
    Weitere Ausg.: Printed edition: ISBN 9783540133230
    Weitere Ausg.: Printed edition: ISBN 9783642696930
    Sprache: Englisch
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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