Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

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Umfang: 1 online resource (455 pages)

Ausgabe: First edition.

ISBN: 0-12-823111-4

Anmerkung: Front Cover -- Pathophysiology, Risk Factors, and Management of Chronic Heart Failure -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of contributors -- About the editors -- Foreword by Naranjan S. Dhalla -- Foreword by Navin C. Nanda -- Preface -- Editorial: The six stages of chronic heart failure -- Left ventricular twist as function of the heart -- The six stages of heart failure -- Stages A and B -- Stages C and D -- Stage E -- Stage F -- References -- 1 History, epidemiology, and burden due to chronic heart failure -- 1 History of medicine from ancient times to present -- Ancient history of medicine -- Bhagavad Gita and health -- The worship of trees and animals -- The ancient masters of medicine -- Taxila University a Center of Excellence in Ancient India (600 BCE-CE 500) -- Medicine in Egypt -- Medicine in China -- Ayurveda and the hidden knowledge of medicine and its philosophy in India -- Ancient knowledge on cardiovascular diseases -- Medicine in Persia (Iran) -- History of heart failure and circulation -- Blood circulation and the heart in the light of Indian texts -- Cardiovascular imaging in identification of heart failure -- Behavioral determinants of heart failure -- Molecular mechanisms in cardiac dysfunction -- Acknowledgments -- Conflict of interest -- References -- Further reading -- 2 Epidemiology and mortality due to heart failure -- Introduction -- Prevalence of heart failure -- Incidence of heart failure -- Burden of heart failure in the young -- Left ventricular ejection fraction in heart failure -- Gender differences in the occurrence of heart failure -- The global burden of heart failure -- Hospitalizations -- Complications and mortality due to heart failure -- Causes of death -- Prognosis of heart failure -- Limitation -- Conclusion and future directions -- References -- 3 Behavioral risk factors of chronic heart failure. , Introduction -- Behavioral risk factors and myocardial dysfunction -- Mechanisms of cardiac dysfunction -- Cardiomyocyte remodeling -- physiological or pathological? -- Mitochondrial energy metabolism and cardiac hypertrophy -- Electrolytes in cardiac remodeling -- Beneficial effects of behavioral factors -- Acknowledgments -- Conflict of interest -- References -- Further reading -- 4 Nutritional factors in the pathogenesis of heart failure: a review -- Introduction -- Mechanisms of nutritional factors in the pathogenesis of heart failure -- Dietary fat in the pathogenesis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction -- Mechanisms of diet and obesity in heart failure -- Epidemiological studies on diet and risk of heart failure -- Role of diets in the prevention of heart failure -- Acknowledgment -- Conflict of interest -- References -- 5 Evolution of the natural history of myocardial twist and diastolic dysfunction as cardiac dysfunction -- Introduction -- Left ventricular twist as function of the heart -- The sequence of left ventricular twist -- Neuro-hormonal mechanisms in the progression of left ventricular twist to cardiac dysfunction -- Hypothesis regarding the diastolic dysfunction -- Remodeling as a cause of progression of cardiac dysfunction -- Cardiac dysfunction with preserved ejection fraction -- The cardiac myocyte and cardiac dysfunction and recovery -- Effect of exercise on cardiac twist -- Twist mechanics and assessment of diastolic function -- Conflict of interest -- References -- 2 Classification of heart failure -- 6 Preheart failure: a stage of chronic heart failure -- Introduction -- Stages and risk factors of preheart failure -- Stage A -- Stage B -- Stage C -- Stage D -- Stages C and D with preserved EF -- Physiopathology of preheart failure -- Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. , Identification of preheart failure -- Prevention of preheart failure -- Stage A: preheart failure -- Stages C and D with preserved EF -- Conflict of interest -- References -- Further reading -- 7 Classification of chronic heart failure as per New York Heart Association -- Introduction -- The New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification -- Role of NYHA classification in the assessment of heart failure -- Identification of patients, with structural abnormalities -- Recommendations for the evaluation of patients with HF as per guidelines [11] -- Class I -- Class IIa -- Class IIb -- Class III -- Limitations -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 3 Molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure -- 8 Molecular and cellular biology and genetic factors in chronic heart failure -- Introduction -- Cardiomyopathy -- Genome-Wide Association Studies in cardiomyopathies -- Genetic testing -- Epigenetic factors -- Blood and endometrial biopsy transcriptome-based biomarker -- The molecular mechanisms of familial cardiomyopathy -- Cardiac myosin modulation -- Selective cardiac myosin activator -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 9 Pathophysiology of chronic heart failure -- Introduction -- Pathophysiology of chronic heart failure -- Causes, risk factors, and diagnosis of heart failure -- Systolic dysfunction -- Diastolic dysfunction -- Noncardiac abnormalities in heart failure -- Neurohormonal overactivity -- The autonomic nervous system -- Economic burden of heart failure -- In conclusion -- References -- Further reading -- 10 Circadian dysfunction in the pathogenesis of heart failure -- Introduction -- Circadian dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases -- The increased risk of cardiovascular diseases in the morning -- Biochemical mechanisms of circadian influences on risk factors. , Effects of circadian dysfunction on cardiovascular diseases -- Chronodisruption to cardiovascular disease and heart failure -- Day/night rhythms as mechanisms of cardiomyocyte remodeling -- Epidemiological studies -- Hypertension, heart failure, and circadian dysfunction -- Obesity, diabetes mellitus and heart failure -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 11 Cardiac remodeling in chronic heart failure: pathophysiological implications -- Introduction -- Neurohormonal alterations -- Myocardial metabolic defects -- Myocardial inflammation and cytokines -- Development of oxidative stress -- Ca2+-handling abnormalities -- Concluding remarks -- Acknowledgments -- Conflict of interest -- References -- Further reading -- 4 Pathophysiology of cardiac function -- 12 Pathophysiology of abnormalities involving calcium signalling during cardiac muscle contraction -- Introduction -- How ca2+ regulates cardiac myocyte contraction? -- The cardiac excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) process -- Dysfunction of the ECC process -- Calcium cycling in the cardiac myocyte -- Structures involved in calcium cycling in the dyad -- The balance of calcium flux -- Effects of flux balance on Ca handling via sarcolemma -- Effects of alteration in intracellular mechanisms -- Conclusion -- References -- 13 Abnormalities in the cardiac relaxation -- Introduction -- Physiopathology of left ventricular relaxation -- Factors influencing relaxation -- Isovolumic relaxation phase -- Early diastolic velocity -- Left ventricular suction during early filling -- Diastolic left ventricular dysfunction -- Left atrial function -- Left ventricular compliance -- Ventricular interaction -- The assessment of left ventricular diastolic function -- LVDD and prognosis -- Conclusions -- References -- 5 Chronic heart failure and chronic kidney disease. , 14 Renal dysfunction and heart disease: elucidating the cardiorenal relationship approaches leading to heart failure -- Introduction -- Tissue renin-angiotensin system -- (Pro)renin receptor pathways -- Activation of mineralocorticoid receptors -- Intracellular renin-angiotensin system -- The DDAH-ADMA system -- Anemia -- Aging -- Ethnic difference -- Dyslipidemia -- Conclusion -- Conflict of interest -- References -- 15 Role of brain with reference to autonomic nervous system dysfunctions, as predisposing factor of chronic heart failure? -- Introduction -- Heart failure, a disease of the brain -- Sympathetic nervous system activity in heart failure -- Parasympathetic nervous system in heart failure -- Arterial baroreflex sensitivity -- Conflict of interest -- References -- 16 Heart failure in chronic kidney disease -- Introduction -- Chronic kidney disease as risk factor of heart diseases -- Epidemiology -- Assessment of kidney disease -- Pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases in kidney disease -- Myocardial changes in chronic kidney disease -- Treatment of patients with diastolic dysfunction with CKD -- Conflict of interest -- References -- 6 Imaging in chronic heart failure -- 17 Role of noninvasive imaging with reference to speckle-tracking echocardiography -- Introduction -- Echocardiography at rest and during stress -- Left ventricular function -- Stress echocardiography -- The role of echocardiography, SE, strain, and allied techniques in valvular heart diseases -- Aortic valve stenosis -- Mitral incompetence -- Aortic regurgitation -- Mitral valve stenosis and right-sided valve diseases -- Diastolic assessment and the value of exercise testing -- Evaluation of diastolic dysfunction at rest -- Exercise stress test and diastolic dysfunction -- Strain echocardiography -- Clinical application of 2D and 3D speckle-tracking echocardiography. , Assessment of cardiac function and the need for early intervention in VHD.

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 0-12-822972-1

Sprache: Englisch