Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

UID:

Umfang: 1 online resource (217 pages)

Ausgabe: 1st ed.

ISBN: 9781464819247

Serie: Environment and Sustainable Development Series

Inhalt: The great expansion of economic activity since the end of World War II has caused an unprecedented rise in living standards, but it has also caused rapid changes in earth systems. Nearly all types of natural capital-- the world's stock of resources and services provided by nature-- are in decline. Clean air, abundant and clean water, fertile soils, productive fisheries, dense forests, and healthy oceans are critical for healthy lives and healthy economies. Mounting pressures, however, suggest that the trend of declining natural capital may cast a long shadow into the future. This publication presents a novel approach to address these foundational challenges of sustainability. A methodology combining innovative science, new data sources, and cutting-edge biophysical and economic models builds sustainable resource efficiency frontiers to assess how countries can sustainably use their natural capital more efficiently. The analysis provides recommendations on how countries can better use their natural capital to achieve their economic and environ mental goals. The report indicates that significant efficiency gaps exist in nearly every country. Closing these gaps can address many of the world's pressing economic and environmental problems-- economic productivity, health, food and water security, and climate change. Although the approach outlined in this report will entail demanding policy reforms, the costs of inaction will be far higher.

Anmerkung: Front Cover -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- About the Authors and Contributors -- Main Messages -- Executive Summary -- Abbreviations -- Chapter 1 Introduction: Down to Earth -- Key messages -- Introduction -- The unraveling web of life -- Investing in natural capital -- An efficiency frontier approach -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 2 Identifying a Sustainable Resource Efficiency Frontier: An Overview of the Approach -- Key messages -- Introduction -- Modeling land use efficiency: A summary of the methodology -- Measuring productivity through efficiency frontiers -- Impacts not considered: Shifts in the efficiency frontier -- Annex 2A: Water quality and the resource efficiency frontiers -- Annex 2B: Aggregation and the "headline" landscape efficiency score -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 3 Envisioning a More Sustainable Future through a More Efficient Present -- Key messages -- Introduction -- How efficiently does the world use its land-based natural endowments? -- Landscape efficiency scores -- A typology -- Efficiency gains for achieving global carbon goals -- Efficiency gains for achieving economic development and food security goals -- Efficiency gains, biodiversity, and ecosystem services -- Caveats and limitations of the data and methods -- Annex 3A: Additional results -- Annex 3B: Nonmarket environmental scores: A further analysis of outcomes -- Annex 3C: Comparison of yield gaps calculated from GAEZ and data layers of this study -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 4 Policy Implications for More Efficient Landscapes -- Key messages -- Introduction -- Policy objectives: Targeting the causes of the problem -- Exploring policy options by country typology -- Policy design concerns -- Conclusions -- Annex 4A: Decomposition analysis and shifting toward the efficiency frontier -- Notes -- References. , Chapter 5 Efficiency Frontier for Air Quality -- Key messages -- Introduction -- The approach -- How well do countries perform? -- Efficiency and environmental scores that measure policy ambitions -- A typology of countries and priority directions for improving efficiency -- Priorities for efficiency improvements -- Annex 5A: GAINS model methodology explained -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 6 Country Spotlights -- Key messages -- Introduction -- Azerbaijan -- Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) -- Liberia -- China and the Arab Republic of Egypt -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 7 Conclusions -- Conquering the headwinds to change -- Caveats, limitations, and future work -- Concluding thoughts -- Appendix A Study Results by Country -- Boxes -- Box ES.1 An example of an efficiency frontier from West Africa -- Box ES.2 The Loess Plateau: A transformational landscape -- Box 1.1 Critical natural capital and tipping points -- Box 1.2 Challenges in measuring sustainability -- Box 1.3 Will the world run out of resources? -- Box 2.1 Monetizing the unmonetized benefits -- Box 2.2 Calculating the landscape efficiency score, nonmarket environmental score, and production value score -- Box 3.1 Maximizing efficient landscapes in Liberia -- Box 3.2 The relative gains to low-income countries from improved allocation decisions -- Box 4.1 A policy road map -- Box 4.2 Landscape restoration in Ethiopia -- Box 5.1 Efficiency scores for air quality management -- Box 6.1 A primer on the resource efficiency frontier -- Box 6.2 Sustainable forestry project in Liberia -- Box 6.3 Land use efficiency in the context of China's quest for decarbonization: Using efficiency frontiers -- Box 6.4 Air pollution in the Arab Republic of Egypt: Identifying gaps and constraints -- Figures -- Figure ES.1.1 Example of an efficiency frontier, Liberia. , Figure B1.1.1 Illustration of tipping points and hysteresis -- Figure 1.1 Graphical illustration of a production possibility frontier -- Figure 2.1 Example of efficiency frontier -- Figure B2.2.1 Performance metrics used in calculating an efficiency frontier score -- Figure 2.2 Shifts in the resource efficiency frontier -- Figure 3.1 Distribution of landscape efficiency scores, by country income group -- Figure 3.2 Distribution of landscape efficiency scores, by region -- Figure 3.3 Typology of countries, by environmental indicator and production value -- Figure 3.4 Efficiency frontier of a high-income country realizing most of its potential economic gains: Sweden -- Figure B3.1.1 Efficiency frontier: Liberia -- Figure 3.5 Efficiency frontier of a country with largely intact ecosystems: Suriname -- Figure 3.6 Efficiency frontier: Iceland -- Figure 3.7 Efficiency frontier: Haiti -- Figure 3.8 Efficiency frontier: Lao People's Democratic Republic -- Figure 3.9 Illustration of maximum potential and Pareto increase in GHG mitigation -- Figure 3.10 Illustration of maximum potential and Pareto increase in economic production -- Figure 3.11 Distribution of economic efficiency scores within the Pareto space, by country income group -- Figure 3.12 Biodiversity scores versus land in a seminatural state -- Figure 3A.1 Results by country: Pareto efficiency scores -- Figure 3B.1 Share of carbon storage plotted against the share of maximum possible carbon storage, by country -- Figure 3B.2 Share of natural area plotted against the share of maximum possible biodiversity, by country -- Figure 3C.1 Comparison of yield attainment from GAEZ and landscape efficiency analysis methods, rainfed crops -- Figure 4.1 Typology of countries, by environmental indicator and production value -- Figure B5.1.1 Air pollution: Relationships among various performance metrics. , Figure 5.1 Air pollution: Expenditures as a share of GDP, by country income group, 2015 -- Figure 5.2 Air pollution: Collective performance of sample of 63 countries in relation to their efficiency frontiers, 2015 -- Figure 5.3 Air pollution: Efficiency scores, by country income group -- Figure 5.4 Air pollution: Environmental scores, by country income group -- Figure 5.5 Air pollution: Efficiency and environmental scores, by country income group -- Figure 5.6 Air pollution: Country types (A, B, and C) based on efficiency and environmental scores, by country income group -- Figure 5.7 Air pollution: Location of type A countries vis-à-vis the efficiency frontier -- Figure 5.8 Air pollution: Location of type B countries vis-à-vis the efficiency frontier -- Figure 5.9 Air pollution: Location of type C countries vis-à-vis the efficiency frontier -- Figure B6.1.1 Typology of countries, by environmental indicator and production value -- Figure 6.1 Efficiency frontier and transitions of movements to frontier, Azerbaijan -- Figure 6.2 Land use land change transitions from current to Pareto max production value and from current to Pareto max GHG reduction, Azerbaijan -- Figure 6.3 Efficiency frontier and transitions of movements to frontier, Lao PDR -- Figure 6.4 Pareto production value maximization and GHG maximization, Lao PDR -- Figure 6.5 Efficiency frontier and transitions of movements to frontier, Liberia -- Figure 6.6 Pareto production value maximization and GHG maximization, Liberia -- Figure B6.3.1 Land use efficiency in China, 2000-15 -- Figure B6.4.1 Theoretical air quality efficiency frontier, Arab Republic of Egypt, 2018 -- Figure B6.4.2 Marginal abatement cost curve for reducing population-weighted PM2.5 ­concentrations, Arab Republic of Egypt, 2030 -- Maps -- Map 2.1 Current land use and potential land use, globally. , Map 3.1 Country performance across economic efficiency and carbon sequestration efficiency in Pareto -- Map 3.2 Country performance across economic efficiency and biodiversity efficiency in Pareto spaces -- Map B4.2.1 Changes in Normalized Difference Vegetation Index since initial engagement under Sustainable Landscape Management Project II, Ethiopia, 2014 -- Map 6.1 Pareto production value maximization transition and GHG maximization transition, Azerbaijan -- Map 6.2 Pareto production value maximization and GHG maximization, Lao PDR -- Map 6.3 Pareto production value maximization and GHG maximization, Liberia -- Map B6.3.1 Restoration and agricultural intensification enabling attainment of the efficiency frontier for carbon and food production, China -- Tables -- Table 3.1 Landscape efficiency scores, by country income group -- Table 3.2 Landscape efficiency scores, by region -- Table B3.1.1 Average welfare gains from policies that recognize GHG sequestration services in factor market allocation decisions -- Table 3B.1 Average carbon storage and biodiversity conservation scores, by country income group -- Table 3B.2 Share of natural habitat remaining, by country income group -- Table 4.1 A categorization of policies for improving resource use efficiency -- Table 4.2 Summary of policies based on typology of countries -- Table 5.1 Air pollution: Priority directions for moving toward the efficiency frontier, by country type -- Table 6.1 Policy performance summary, Azerbaijan -- Table 6.2 Policy performance summary, Lao PDR -- Table 6.3 Policy performance summary, Liberia -- Table A.1 Measures of efficiency, by country.

Weitere Ausg.: Print version: Damania, Richard Nature's Frontiers Washington, D. C. : World Bank Publications,c2023 ISBN 9781464819230

Sprache: Englisch