Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

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Umfang: 1 online resource (762 pages)

Ausgabe: 2nd ed.

ISBN: 1-80062-116-7 , 1-80062-117-5

Serie: CABI Biotechnology

Inhalt: This book describes the huge opportunity to modify insect phenotypes through genetic engineering to benefit human health and agriculture. Precise DNA modifications and gene drive approaches are much more focused with improved safety. The development of modelling, ethical considerations, public response and regulatory oversight is covered.

Anmerkung: Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- 1 Transposon-Based Technologies for Insects -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Transposons Used in Insects -- 1.2.1 P elements -- 1.2.2 piggyBac -- 1.2.3 Mos1 -- 1.2.4 Minos -- 1.2.5 Hermes, Herves, hopper and hobo -- 1.2.6 Tn5 -- 1.3 Mutagenesis -- 1.4 Germline Transformation -- 1.5 Transposons as Technology Platforms -- 1.5.1 Gene expression -- 1.5.2 Cell ablation -- 1.5.3 Gene silencing -- 1.5.4 Genetic sensors -- 1.6 Hybrid Transposase Systems for Precision Integration -- 1.7 CRISPR-associated Transposases -- 1.8 Conclusion -- 2 Inducible and Repressible Systems for Transgene Expression -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Naturally Occurring Systems of Conditional Expression -- 2.2.1 Heat shock - hsp70 -- 2.2.2 Natural temperature-sensitive lethal elements and mutations -- 2.2.3 Glucose repression -- 2.2.4 Metallothionein -- 2.2.5 lac inducible systems -- 2.3 Synthetic Systems -- 2.3.1 Tetracycline-mediated expression -- 2.3.2 Dimerization -- 2.3.3 GeneSwitch -- 2.3.4 Q system -- 2.3.5 Use of Cre/loxP recombination -- 2.4 Conclusions -- 3 Sex-, Tissue- and Stage-Specific Transgene Expression -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Gene Regulation in Insects -- 3.2.1 Transcriptional control -- 3.2.2 The promoter -- 3.2.3 Enhancers and silencers -- 3.2.4 Chromatin structure and genomic position effects -- 3.3 Post-transcriptional and Translational Control -- 3.3.1 Untranslated regions and introns -- 3.3.2 Regulatory RNAs -- 3.3.3 Splicing -- 3.3.4 Translational control -- 3.4 The Basic Genetic Construct -- 3.5 Sex-Specific Gene Expression -- 3.5.1 Targeting chromosomes -- 3.5.2 Sex-specific splicing -- 3.5.3 Sex-specific promoters -- 3.6 Tissue-Specific Gene Expression -- 3.6.1 Targeting tissues relevant for parasite transmission. , 3.6.2 Targeting germline expression for gene drives -- 3.6.3 Targeting expression in chemosensory neurons -- 3.7 Stage-Specific Gene Expression -- 3.7.1 Targeting developmental stages -- 3.7.2 Targeting environmental, circadian and behavioural conditions -- 3.8 Design of Expression Systems for Sex-, Tissue- and Stage-Specific Transgene Expression -- 3.9 Mining Transcriptomics Data for Promoter Design -- 3.9.1 Limiting the promoter length -- 3.9.2 The importance of the UTR -- 3.9.3 Boosting levels of expression -- 3.9.4 Dampening levels of expression -- 3.9.5 Signal peptides for subcellular and extracellular localization -- 3.9.6 Controlling for position effects -- 3.9.7 In-frame fusions to capture endogenous regulation -- 3.9.8 Binary expression systems -- 3.10 Future Prospects -- 4 RNA Interference to Modify Phenotypes in Agriculturally Important Pest and Beneficial Insects: Useful Examples and Future Challenges -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 RNAi Phenotypes in Insect Growth, Development, Behaviour and Reproduction -- 4.2.1 Growth and development -- 4.2.2 Behaviour and reproduction -- 4.3 RNAi Phenotypes Unravelling the Duality of Gene Isoforms -- 4.4 RNAi Phenotypes to Understand Insecticides, Mode of Action and Resistance Mechanisms -- 4.5 RNAi Phenotypes in Crop Protection -- 4.6 RNAi Phenotypes in Beneficial Insects, Pollinators and Natural Enemies -- 4.7 RNAi in the Field: Considerations for Biosafety -- 4.8 RNAi Future Challenges for Fundamental Mechanisms and Applications -- 4.9 Conclusions -- 5 Site-Specific Recombination for Gene Locus-Directed Transgene Integration and Modification -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Classification and Mechanisms of Site-Specific Recombination -- 5.2.1 Tyrosine and serine site-specific recombinases -- 5.2.2 CRISPR-Cas-mediated DNA double-strand breaks for site-specific genome editing. , 5.3 Applications of Site-Specific Recombination -- 5.3.1 Integration into a single specific site -- 5.3.2 Integration into two sites -- 5.3.3 Modification of transgenes -- 5.3.4 Gene locus-directed chromosome modification: deletions, inversions and translocations -- 5.4 Conclusions -- 6 Receptor-Mediated Ovary Transduction of Cargo - ReMOT Control: a Comprehensive Review and Detailed Protocol for Implementation -- 6.1 History of Transgenic Methods in Arthropods -- 6.2 Development of CRISPR-based Technologies -- 6.3 Problems with Traditional Embryonic Microinjection -- 6.4 ReMOT Control Development -- 6.5 Summary of ReMOT Control Successes -- 6.5.1 Mosquitoes -- 6.5.2 Non-mosquito insects -- 6.6 Challenges and Future Directions -- 6.7 Recommendations for Adaptation of ReMOT Control to New Species -- 6.8 Generalized ReMOT Control Protocol -- 6.8.1 Prior to ReMOT Control -- 6.8.2 One day before injections -- 6.8.3 On injection day -- 6.8.4 Screening protocol -- 6.8.5 In vitro protein expression protocol -- 7 Site-Directed DNA Sequence Modification Using CRISPR-Cas9 -- 7.1 The CRISPR/Cas9 Revolution -- 7.1.1 CRISPR/Cas systems in bacterial immunity -- 7.1.2 CRISPR/Cas9 as a genome editing tool -- 7.2 Site-Directed Genomic Modifications in Insects (Version 2.0) -- 7.2.1 Designing sgRNA -- 7.2.2 Delivery of Cas9-gRNA complexes -- 7.2.3 Identifying genomic modifications -- 7.3 Applications of CRISPR/Cas9 in Insects -- 7.3.1 Developing markers for mutants -- 7.3.2 Testing gene function before making a gene drive -- 7.3.3 Functional genomics in evolution -- 7.4 Concluding Remarks -- 8 An Introduction to the Molecular Genetics of Gene Drives and Thoughts on Their Gradual Transition to Field Use -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Molecular Mechanism of CRISPR Homing-based Drive Systems -- 8.3 Population Modification -- 8.4 Population Suppression. , 8.5 Additional Drive Design, Performance and Implementation Considerations -- 8.6 A Phased Approach to Gene Drive Advancement to the Field -- 8.7 Concluding Remarks -- 9 Drosophila melanogaster as a Model for Gene Drive Systems -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Engineered Transposon Drives -- 9.3 Homing Drives -- 9.3.1 Basic characteristics -- 9.3.2 Improved versions -- 9.3.3 Variants for drive control and applications -- 9.4 Shredder Drives -- 9.5 Toxin-Antidote Gene Drives -- 9.5.1 Cytoplasmic incompatibility -- 9.5.2 Medea -- 9.5.3 RNAi underdominance drives -- 9.5.4 Other underdominance drives -- 9.5.5 CRISPR toxin-antidote drives -- 9.5.6 Tethered drives -- 9.6 Self-limiting Gene Drives -- 9.6.1 Killer-rescue drives -- 9.6.2 Split drives -- 9.7 Measurement of Gene Drive Fitness -- 9.8 Comparisons with Other Organisms -- 9.9 Conclusions -- 10 Sex Ratio Manipulation Using Gene Drive for Mosquito Population Control -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Overview and General Principles of Sex Ratio Distorting (SRD) Methods -- 10.3 Meiotic Drive and Engineered X-Chromosome Shredders -- 10.4 Post-Zygotic Sex Distortion Through Sex-Specific Lethality -- 10.5 Engineering Y-Linked SRDs in Mosquitoes -- 10.6 Manipulation of Sex Determination Mechanisms -- 10.7 Conclusions -- 11 Population Modification Using Gene Drive for Reduction of Malaria Transmission -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Features of Gene Drive Population Modification Systems -- 11.3 Design Features of Parasite-Resistant Mosquitoes for Population Modification -- 11.4 Performance Objectives of Population Modification -- 11.5 Conclusions -- 12 Modelling Threshold-Dependent Gene Drives: a Case Study Using Engineered Underdominance -- 12.1 Introduction to Threshold-Dependent Gene Drives -- 12.2 Two-Locus Engineered Underdominance -- 12.3 Mathematical Modelling Approaches -- 12.4 Introduction Thresholds. , 12.5 Relaxing Model Assumptions -- 12.5.1 Resistance formation and mutation -- 12.5.2 UD reversal -- 12.5.3 Spatial effects -- 12.6 Linking Theory and Experimentation -- 12.7 Alternative Configurations of UD -- 12.8 Areas of Future Interest -- 13 Tsetse Paratransgenesis: a Novel Strategy for Reducing the Spread of African Trypanosomiases -- 13.1 Tsetse as Vectors of Parasitic African Trypanosomes -- 13.2 Tsetse Reproduction and Symbiosis -- 13.2.1 Tsetse reproduction -- 13.2.2 Tsetse's endogenous endosymbionts -- 13.3 Utilizing Endogenous Endosymbionts for Tsetse Paratransgenesis -- 13.3.1 Recombinant Sodalis is well suited for tsetse paratransgenesis -- 13.3.2 Identification and expression of anti-trypanosomal effector molecules -- 13.3.3 Paratransgenic manipulation of tsetse midgut physiology to alter parasite infection dynamics -- 13.4 Utilizing Exogenous Bacteria for Tsetse Paratransgenesis -- 13.5 Mechanisms to Drive Parasite-Resistant Tsetse Phenotypes into Natural Populations -- 13.5.1 Exploiting Wolbachia-mediated mating incompatibilities -- 13.5.2 Modelling the efficacy of paratransgenic control -- 13.5.3 Polyandry and cytoplasmic incompatibility -- 13.6 Conclusions -- 14 Paratransgenic Control of Chagas Disease -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Chagas Disease -- 14.2.1 Epidemiology, ecology and modes of transmission of Chagas disease -- 14.2.2 Global spread of Chagas disease -- 14.3 Novel Approaches to Control of Chagas Disease -- 14.3.1 Paratransgenesis -- 14.3.2 Antimicrobial peptides as effector molecules -- 14.3.3 Single-chain antibodies -- 14.3.4 β-1-3-glucanase -- 14.3.5 Additional methods for bacterial modifications -- 14.4 From Bench Top to Field Trials -- 14.5 Conclusions -- 15 Asaia Paratransgenesis in Mosquitoes -- 15.1 Asaia -- 15.2 Paratransgenesis for Vector Control. , 15.3 Desirable Attributes of Asaia as a Paratransgenic Candidate.

Weitere Ausg.: Print version: Benedict, Mark Quentin Transgenic Insects Oxford : CAB International,c2022 ISBN 9781800621152

Sprache: Englisch