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ISBN: 9781324006749

Inhalt: " A sweeping history of data and its technical, political, and ethical impact on our world.From facial recognition8212 capable of checking people into flights or identifying undocumented residents8212 to automated decision systems that inform who gets loans and who receives bail, each of us moves through a world determined by data-empowered algorithms. But these technologies didn't just appear: they are part of a history that goes back centuries, from the census enshrined in the US Constitution to the birth of eugenics in Victorian Britain to the development of Google search. Expanding on the popular course they created at Columbia University, Chris Wiggins and Matthew L. Jones illuminate the ways in which data has long been used as a tool and a weapon in arguing for what is true, as well as a means of rearranging or defending power. They explore how data was created and curated, as well as how new mathematical and computational techniques developed to contend with that data serve to shape people, ideas, society, military operations, and economies. Although technology and mathematics are at its heart, the story of data ultimately concerns an unstable game among states, corporations, and people. How were new technical and scientific capabilities developed,who supported, advanced, or funded these capabilities or transitions,and how did they change who could do what, from what, and to whom? Wiggins and Jones focus on these questions as they trace data's historical arc, and look to the future. By understanding the trajectory of data8212 where it has been and where it might yet go8212 Wiggins and Jones argue that we can understand how to bend it to ends that we collectively choose, with intentionality and purpose. "

Inhalt: Biographisches: " Chris Wiggins is an associate professor of applied mathematics at Columbia University and the New York Times 's chief data scientist. He resides in New York City." Biographisches: " Matthew L. Jones is a professor of history at Columbia University and has been a Guggenheim Fellow. He resides in New York City." Rezension(3): "〈a href=http://lj.libraryjournal.com/ target=blank〉〈img src=https://images.contentreserve.com/libraryjournal_logo.png alt=Library Journal border=0 /〉〈/a〉: October 1, 2022 From facial-recognition tools to automated systems determining who gets loans, our lives are ruled by data-fueled algorithms. The authors expand on their much-attended course at Columbia University to track the rise of data's power from the U.S. Constitution-sanctioned census to the emergence of eugenics in Victorian Britain to the triumph of Google search. Copyright 2022 Library Journal, LLC Used with permission. " Rezension(4): "〈a href=http://www.kirkusreviews.com target=blank〉〈img src=https://images.contentreserve.com/kirkus_logo.png alt=Kirkus border=0 /〉〈/a〉: January 15, 2023 A wide-ranging examination of the evolution of statistics, mathematics, and data. When did our personal information become a commodity manipulated by algorithms? How did marketing become so intrusive? Why does every transaction add another piece to our digital trail? Wiggins, a professor of applied mathematics at Columbia and chief data scientist at the New York Times, and Jones, a Guggenheim fellow and history professor at Columbia, track the process over several centuries, reiterating and expanding a course they teach. Governments have always wanted to know how many people they ruled, but near the end of the 18th century, the idea took hold that statistics could reveal rich detail about a society, including averages and deviations from norms. Military and industrial applications evolved, and the first computers were designed to turn raw figures into useful outcomes. When the internet and e-commerce arrived, there was a quantum leap in data collection, with new math techniques to underpin the concept of data science. Government-run surveillance systems collected vast amounts of personal material, manifested in customized, targeted advertising. Wiggins and Jones point out that all this happened without much public discussion, and they worry about the impact on privacy and democracy. We don't have to use algorithmic decision systems, even in contexts where their use may be technically feasible, they write. Ads based on mass surveillance are not necessary elements of our society. We don't need to build systems that learn the stratifications of the past and present and reinforce them in the future. The authors propose remedies, including the revision of the legal provisions that give platforms immunity from the effect of user-generated content, but they admit that reining in the tech giants will be difficult. The real value of the book, however, is that it provides important background for understanding the road behind and the path ahead. An informative dive into the history of statistics and data, providing context for the debate over information and who controls it. COPYRIGHT(2023) Kirkus Reviews, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. " Rezension(5): "〈a href=http://www.publishersweekly.com target=blank〉〈img src=https://images.contentreserve.com/pw_logo.png alt=Publisher's Weekly border=0 /〉〈/a〉: January 23, 2023 How did numbers become the “obvious way to understand and exercise power”? ask Columbia math professor Wiggins ( Data Science in Context ) and Columbia history professor Jones ( Reckoning with Matter ) in this edifying chronicle. Tracing the rise of data and statistics, the authors begin at the end of the 18th century as European states gained strength and sought to understand their power through tabulating the physical resources at their disposal. Early statistical methods, Wiggins and Jones contend, were developed to justify eugenics, with Francis Galton and other scientists attempting to quantify supposed racial differences. Other milestones include the invention of digital computation to break German cyphers during WWII, mid-century concerns about the federal government’s collection of personal data, the commercialization of data by tech giants, and the proliferation of AI. The authors emphasize that mass data collection was not inevitable, and to ameliorate corporate and state abuses of privacy and power, Wiggins and Jones advocate for stronger regulation of the tech industry and collective action by its employees. Though some of the mathematical background may go over the heads of lay readers, the history is nonetheless trenchant and successfully illuminates the contingency of data’s privileged place in modern decision-making. Incisive and thoroughly researched, this one’s a winner."

Sprache: Englisch

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