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Format: 1 online resource (934 pages) : , illustrations

Edition: Second edition.

ISBN: 0-444-63496-7

Note: Front Cover -- Radioactivity: Introduction and History, From the Quantum to Quarks -- About the Cover Illustration -- Radioactivity: Introduction and History, From the Quantum to Quarks -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- About the Author -- Foreword -- Preface to the First Edition -- Preface to the Second Edition -- Acronyms, Abbreviations and Symbols -- Introduction -- 1 - Radioactivity and Our Well-Being -- 1.1 HUMAN HEALTH -- 1.1.1 X-Ray Diagnostic Radiography -- 1.1.2 X-Ray Computed Tomography -- 1.1.3 Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography -- 1.1.4 Positron Emission Tomography -- 1.1.5 Radiation Therapy -- 1.1.5.a External Beam Radiation Therapy -- 1.1.5.b Brachytherapy -- 1.1.5.c Proton Beam and Heavy Ion Therapy -- 1.1.5.d Boron Neutron Capture Therapy -- 1.1.6 Radioactive Nanoparticles in Cancer Imaging and Therapy -- 1.2 BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH -- 1.3 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE -- 1.3.1 Insect Pest Control -- 1.3.2 Fertilizer and Water Use Efficiency -- 1.3.2.a Fertilizer Use Efficiency -- 1.3.2.b Soil Moisture Neutron Gauge -- 1.3.2.c Cosmic Ray Soil Moisture Observing System -- 1.3.2.d Isotopic Water Signatures -- 1.3.3 Animal Health and Production -- 1.3.4 Plant Breeding -- 1.4 WATER RESOURCES -- 1.5 MARINE RESOURCES -- 1.5.1 Climate Change and Marine Acidification -- 1.5.2 Ocean Water Transport and Circulation -- 1.5.3 Harmful Algal Blooms in Marine Coastal Waters -- 1.5.4 Other Isotope Applications in Marine Science -- 1.6 RADIATION TECHNOLOGY -- 1.6.1 Research Reactors and Accelerators -- 1.6.2 Neutron Diffraction and Scattering -- 1.6.3 Neutron Radiography -- 1.6.4 Neutron Activation Analysis -- 1.6.5 X-Ray Diffraction, Emission, and Fluorescence Analysis -- 1.6.5.a X-Ray Diffraction/Crystallography -- 1.6.5.b Proton-Induced X-Ray Emission (PIXE) -- 1.6.5.c X-Ray Fluorescence -- 1.6.6 Radiation Processing -- 1.7 NUCLEAR POWER. , 1.7.1 Nuclear Fission -- 1.7.2 Desalination -- 1.7.3 Nuclear Fusion -- 1.7.3.a Principles -- 1.7.3.b Past and Future Developments -- 1.7.3.c Fusion Power Reactor -- 1.7.3.d Plasma Magnetic Confinement -- 1.7.3.e Size and Energy Output of the ITER Tokamak -- 1.7.3.f Advantages of Fusion -- 1.8 SUMMARY -- 2 - Basic Concepts and Definitions -- 2.1 PROPERTIES OF ATOMIC CONSTITUENTS -- 2.2 NUCLIDE NOMENCLATURE -- 2.3 MASS AND ENERGY -- 2.4 Q VALUE -- 2.5 NATURALLY OCCURRING RADIONUCLIDES -- 2.5.1 Radionuclides of Cosmogenic Origin -- 2.5.2 Long-Lived Radionuclides -- 2.5.3 Natural Radioactive Decay Chains -- 2.6 ARTIFICIALLY PRODUCED RADIONUCLIDES -- 3 - Hall of Fame: Part I -- DEMOCRITUS (C.460-C.370BC) -- WILHELM C. RONTGEN (1845-1923) -- IVAN PAVLOVICH PULUJ (A.K.A. JOHANN PULUJ 1845-1918) -- HENRI BECQUEREL (1852-1908) -- PIERRE CURIE (1859-1906) AND MARIE CURIE (1867-1934) -- PAUL VILLARD (1860-1934) -- ERNEST RUTHERFORD (1871-1937) -- JOHANNES ``HANS'' GEIGER (1882-1945) -- HENDRICK A. LORENTZ (1853-1928) -- JAMES CLERK MAXWELL (1831-1879) -- PIETER ZEEMAN (1865-1943) -- JEAN B. PERRIN (1870-1942) -- JOSEPH JOHN THOMSON (1856-1940) -- HANTARO NAGAOKA (1865-1950) -- PHILIPP LENARD (1862-1947) -- 4 - Alpha Radiation -- 4.1 INTRODUCTION -- 4.2 DECAY ENERGY -- 4.3 ALPHA DECAY-ENERGY AND HALF-LIFE RELATIONSHIP -- 4.4 ALPHA PARTICLE INTERACTIONS WITH MATTER -- 4.5 ALPHA PARTICLE RANGES -- 5 - Hall of Fame: Part II -- FREDERICK SODDY (1877-1956) -- C.T.R. WILSON (1869-1959) -- FREDERIC JOLIET (1900-1958) AND IRENE JOLIET-CURIE (1897-1956) -- ENRICO FERMI (1901-1954) -- WOLFGANG PAULI (1900-1958) -- FREDERICK REINES (1918-1998) AND CLYDE L. COWAN, JR. (1919-1974) -- OTTO STERN (1888-1969) -- 6 - Beta Radiation and Beta Decay -- 6.1 INTRODUCTION -- 6.2 NEGATRON (β-) EMISSION -- 6.2.1 Basic Principles -- 6.2.2 Inverse Beta Decay -- 6.2.3 Neutrino Mass. , 6.2.4 Negatron Decay Energy -- 6.3 POSITRON (β+) EMISSION -- 6.3.1 Basic Principles -- 6.3.2 N/Z Ratios and Beta Decay -- 6.3.3 Positron Decay Energy -- 6.4 ELECTRON CAPTURE -- 6.4.1 Basic Principles -- 6.4.2 EC Decay Energy -- 6.4.3 Chemical and Pressure Effects on EC Decay Rates -- 6.5 BRANCHING β-, β+, AND EC DECAY -- 6.6 DOUBLE-BETA (ββ) DECAY -- 6.6.1 Discovery and Current Research -- 6.6.2 ββ Decay Energy -- 6.6.3 Neutrinoless ββ Decay -- 6.7 BETA PARTICLE INTERACTIONS WITH MATTER -- 6.8 BETA PARTICLE ABSORPTION AND TRANSMISSION -- 6.9 STOPPING POWER AND LINEAR ENERGY TRANSFER -- 6.9.1 Stopping Power -- 6.9.2 Linear Energy Transfer -- 7 - Hall of Fame: Part III -- MAX PLANCK (1858-1947) -- LOUIS DE BROGLIE (1892-1987) -- ALBERT EINSTEIN (1879-1955) -- Early Years -- Discovery of the Photon Particle -- Discovery of Molecular Dimensions in Brownian Motion -- Relativity -- Relativistic Length Contraction and Time Dilation -- Length Contraction in Relativity -- Time Dilation in Relativity -- Evidence for Relativity Provided by Muons in the Showers of Cosmic Radiation -- Evidence for Relativity From Particle Accelerator Experiments -- Equivalence of Mass and Energy (E=mc2) -- Energy and Mass in Relativity -- Relativistic Mass Calculations -- Interaction of Gravitational Mass and Photons -- Professorships in Switzerland, Czech Republic, Germany, and USA -- Einstein's Letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt -- Einstein the Pacifist -- ARTHUR H. COMPTON (1892-1962) -- WU YOUXUN (1897-1977) -- YOSHIO NISHINA (1890-1951) -- Formation into Japan's Pioneer of Modern Physics -- Pioneer of Modern Physics -- Work on Atomic Bomb Project -- Heartbreaking Loss and Recovery -- MAX VON LAUE (1879-1960) -- SIR WILLIAM HENRY BRAGG (1862-1942) AND SIR WILLIAM LAWRENCE BRAGG (1890-1971) -- ROSALIND FRANKLIN (1920-1958) -- HENRY G.J. MOSELEY (1887-1915). , CHARLES GLOVER BARKLA (1877-1944) -- MANNE SIEGBAHN (1886-1978) -- ROBERT A. MILLIKAN (1868-1953) AND HARVEY FLETCHER (1884-1981) -- HOMI J. BHABHA (1909-1966) -- 8 - Electromagnetic Radiation: Photons -- 8.1 INTRODUCTION -- 8.2 DUAL NATURE: WAVE AND PARTICLE -- 8.3 GAMMA RADIATION -- 8.4 ANNIHILATION RADIATION -- 8.5 CHERENKOV RADIATION -- 8.6 X-RADIATION -- 8.6.1 X-Rays Characterized by Discrete Spectral Lines -- 8.6.2 Bremsstrahlung -- 8.6.2.1 Bremsstrahlung in Beta-Particle Absorbers -- 8.6.2.2 Artificially Produced Bremsstrahlung -- 8.6.2.3 Inner or Internal Bremsstrahlung -- 8.6.2.4 Nuclear Bremsstrahlung (Nuclear Startstrahlung) -- 8.6.3 X-Rays From Beta-Particle Emissions -- 8.7 SYNCHROTRON RADIATION -- 8.7.1 Synchrotron Radiation From Natural Sources -- 8.7.2 Discovery of Synchrotron Radiation -- 8.7.3 Synchrotron Radiation and Accelerated Electron Properties -- 8.7.4 Synchrotron Radiation Production and Applications -- 8.8 INTERACTION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION WITH MATTER -- 8.8.1 Introduction -- 8.8.2 Photoelectric Effect -- 8.8.3 Compton Effect -- 8.8.4 Pair Production -- 8.8.5 Combined Photon Interactions -- 9 - Hall of Fame: Part IV -- JAMES CHADWICK (1891-1974) -- LISE MEITNER (1878-1968) AND OTTO HAHN (1879-1968) -- LEO SZILARD (1898-1964) -- JOSEPH ROTBLAT (1908-2005) -- THE RUSSELL-EINSTEIN MANIFESTO, LONDON, JULY 9, 1955 -- Resolution -- Signed -- EDWARD TELLER (1908-2003) -- 10 - Neutron Radiation -- 10.1 INTRODUCTION -- 10.2 NEUTRON CLASSIFICATION -- 10.3 NEUTRON SOURCES -- 10.3.1 Alpha-Particle-Induced Nuclear Reactions -- 10.3.2 Spontaneous Fission -- 10.3.3 Neutron-Induced Fission -- 10.3.3.1 Decay of 90Sr -- 10.3.3.2 Decay of 143Xe -- 10.3.4 Photoneutron (γ,n) Sources -- 10.3.5 Accelerator Sources -- 10.3.6 Nuclear Fusion -- 10.3.7 Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Fusion (IECF). , 10.4 INTERACTIONS OF NEUTRONS WITH MATTER -- 10.4.1 Elastic Scattering -- 10.4.2 Inelastic Scattering -- 10.4.3 Neutron Capture -- 10.4.4 Nonelastic Reactions -- 10.4.5 Nuclear Fission -- 10.5 NEUTRON ATTENUATION AND CROSS-SECTIONS -- 10.6 NEUTRON DECAY -- 11 - Hall of Fame: Part V -- NIELS BOHR (1885-1962) -- GUSTAV HERTZ (1887-1975) AND JAMES FRANCK (1882-1964) -- THE FRANCK REPORT, JUNE 11, 1945, JAMES FRANCK (CHAIRMAN) -- I. Preamble -- II. Prospectives of Armaments Race -- III. Prospectives of Agreement -- IV. Methods of International Control -- THE FRANCK-HERTZ EXPERIMENT -- WERNER HEISENBERG (1901-1976), ERWIN SCHRODINGER (1887-1961), MAX BORN (1882-1970), AND PAUL A.M. DIRAC (1902-1984) -- CLINTON DAVISSON (1881-1958) AND GEORGE PAGET THOMSON (1892-1975) -- PIERRE VICTOR AUGER (1899-1993) -- 12 - Atomic Electron Radiation -- 12.1 INTRODUCTION -- 12.2 INTERNAL CONVERSION ELECTRONS -- 12.3 AUGER ELECTRONS -- 13 - Hall of Fame: Part VI -- VICTOR F. HESS (1883-1964) -- CARL D. ANDERSON (1905-1991) -- PATRICK M.S. BLACKETT (1897-1974) -- HIDEKI YUKAWA (1907-1981) -- CECIL F. POWELL (1903-1969) -- EMILIO SEGRE (1905-1989) AND OWEN CHAMBERLAIN (1920-2006) -- DONALD A. GLASER (1926-2013) -- MANUEL SANDOVAL VALLARTA (1899-1977) -- 14 - Cosmic Radiation -- 14.1 INTRODUCTION -- 14.2 CLASSIFICATION AND PROPERTIES -- 14.3 SHOWERS OF COSMIC RADIATION -- 14.4 COSMIC RAYS UNDERGROUND -- 14.5 ORIGINS OF COSMIC RADIATION -- 14.6 COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND RADIATION AND THE BIG-BANG THEORY -- 14.7 RADIATION DOSE FROM COSMIC RADIATION AND OTHER SOURCES -- 15 - Hall of Fame: Part VII -- SERGEI IVANOVICH VAVILOV (1891-1951) -- PAVEL ALEKSEYEVICH CHERENKOV (1904-1990) -- IL'JA MIKHAILOVICH FRANK (1908-1990) AND IGOR YEVGENYEVICH TAMM (1895-1971) -- 16 - Cherenkov Radiation -- 16.1 INTRODUCTION -- 16.2 THEORY AND PROPERTIES -- 16.2.1 Threshold Condition. , 16.2.2 Threshold Energies.

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-444-63489-4

Language: English