Format:
1 online resource (229 pages)
ISBN:
9780821373217
,
9780821373200
Content:
After almost a decade of successful macroeconomic management and several bold policy decisions, Indonesia is finally in a position of fiscal strength. Since 2006, Indonesia has freed up "fiscal space" of about US15 billion. Equivalent to around 7 percent of GDP, this is the largest increase in additional fiscal resources since the 1973-74 oil revenue windfall, providing a tremendous window of opportunity for Indonesia to upgrade its public services."Spending for Development: Making the Most of Indonesia's New Opportunities" is the first Public Expenditure Review to cover national and sub-national spending in Indonesia. It sheds light on the impact of the country's transition towards decentralization and the new ways of which public resources are now administrated and allocated. An essential source of analysis for all stakeholders in public finance in Indonesia, some of the most important findings include:1 Thanks to the fuel subsidies cuts in 2005, Indonesia freed up US10 billion in 2006 to spend on development programs. An additional US5 billion also came available from increasing revenues and declining debt service.2 Despite the 2005 domestic fuel price adjustments, Indonesia still spends US12 billion on subsidies annually, mainly on fuel and electricity. 3 Thirty-six percent of all public spending is now in the hands of sub-national governments.4 While spending on education since the crisis has nearly doubled and spending on health has increased almost 70 percent, spending on infrastructure investment remains significantly less than pre-crisis levels (below 3.4 percent of GDP). 5 Indonesia spends about 50 percent of its total annual capital expenditure in the final quarter of the year.
Content:
Table of Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Glossary -- Executive Summary -- A Unique Opportunity -- Why this Report? -- Trends in Sectoral Spending and Public Investment -- Education -- Health -- Infrastructure -- Public Financial Management -- Fiscal Decentralization and Regional Inequality -- An Agenda for Implementation -- CHAPTER 1 Fiscal Space and Management -- Public Expenditure Trends -- Public Investment and Fiscal Space -- Debt -- Subsidies -- Civil Service Reform and Personnel Spending -- Medium-Term Fiscal Framework -- Policy Recommendations -- CHAPTER 2 Cross Sectoral Trends -- Economic Services -- Social Services -- General Public Services -- Intergovernmental Distribution of Sectoral Expenditures -- CHAPTER 3 Education -- Progress and Challenges in the Education Sector -- Public Spending -- Education Public Expenditures and Equity -- Education Public Expenditures, Efficiency and Outcomes -- Policy Recommendations -- CHAPTER 4 Health -- Progress and Challenges in the Health Sector -- Public Health Expenditures in Indonesia -- Equity: Inequality in Public Spending, Benefit, Incidence and Utilization of Health Service -- Quality of Health Services and the Health Workforce -- Policy Recommendations -- CHAPTER 5 Infrastructure -- Performance of the Infrastructure Sectors -- Public Expenditure in Infrastructure: Composition and Trends -- Spatial Balance and Equality of Access -- Recent Government Initiatives -- Policy Recommendations -- CHAPTER 6 Public Financial Management -- Progress and Challenges in Public Financial Management -- Budget Formulation and Approval -- Budget Execution -- Procurement -- Audit -- Policy Recommendations -- CHAPTER 7 Fiscal Decentralization And Regional Inequality -- Inequality and Decentralization -- Expenditures -- Revenues -- Sub-National Public Financial Management.
Note:
Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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Table of Contents; Foreword; Acknowledgments; Glossary; Executive Summary; Figure 1 Defining years in Indonesia's public expenditure allocation; Box 1 Public finance in Indonesia - key facts; Figure 2 Sectoral spending in Indonesia: education and government apparatus dominate; Figure 3 Public investment is slowly recovering; Figure 4 Public investment roller-coaster; Box 2 Seven high-impact quick wins; CHAPTER 1 Fiscal Space and Management; Table 1.1 Total national public expenditures (central + province + district); Figure 1.1 Central government expenditures and revenues, 1994-2007
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Table 1.2 Economic composition of national public expenditure, 2001-07Table 1.3 Composition of central government expenditure; Figure 1.2 Composition of central government outlays; Figure 1.3 Composition of sub-national government expenditure (province + district); Figure 1.4 Economic composition of public expenditure by level of government, 2005; Figure 1.5 Development expenditures have recovered to the pre-crisis level; Figure 1.6 Public investment recovered to pre-crisis level but private investment did not; Box 1.1 What do we mean by fiscal space?
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Figure 1.7 Fiscal space continues to increaseFigure 1.8 Unutilized fiscal space: central; Figure 1.9 Unutilized fiscal space: sub-national; Table 1.4 Quantifying the widening of fiscal space; Table 1.5 Oil price elasticity of sub-national revenues (estimates for 2008); Figure 1.10 Easing debt burden; Figure 1.11 Declining budget deficits; Figure 1.12 Repayments are below pre-crisis levels; Table 1.6 International comparison of government debt; Table 1.7 Central and regional debt outstanding; Figure 1.13 Subsidies and gasoline prices; Figure 1.14 Fuel and electricity subsidies are dominant
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Figure 1.15 Domestic vs international fuel pricesFigure 1.16 Saving from fuel subsidy adjustments; Figure 1.17 Oil prices and production; Table 1.8 Domestic fuel prices vs international prices; Figure 1.18 Regressive electricity subsidy, 2005; Box 1.2 Civil service reform is starting to happen; Table 1.9 Intergovernmental distributions of civil service by seniority and total personnel spending; Table 1.10 Medium - Term Fiscal Framework; CHAPTER 2 Cross Sectoral Trends; Table 2.1 Sectoral distribution of national public expenditures.
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Figure 2.1 Distribution of national public expenditures in key sectors, 2001-07Table 2.2 Trend of spending in the government apparatus sector; Figure 2.2 Economic composition of government apparatus spending; Figure 2.3 Sectoral distributions of public expenditures by level of government, 2005; CHAPTER 3 Education; Table 3.1 Gross and net enrollment rates for different levels of education, 1995-2005; Figure 3.1 Enrollment rates by income groups for primary and junior secondary education; Table 3.2 National public expenditure on education (central + province + district)
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Figure 3.2 International comparison of education expenditures, 2004
Additional Edition:
ISBN 9780821373200
Additional Edition:
Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 9780821373200
Language:
English
