Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

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Format: 1 online resource (362 pages)

ISBN: 0-12-813093-8 , 0-12-813092-X

Content: Demonstrates the use of biophysical measurement in laboratory-based experimental social science research and the ways biophysical measures can inform analyses of human behavior. Noting the practical limitations of laboratory-based biophysical measurement, its contributors provide hands-on guidance about biophysical measurement devices. Its introductory and concluding chapters address ethics, measurement options, and historical and scientific contexts. Highlighting examples of device adoption in experimental social science lab settings, this book makes these tools understandable and accessible to all.

Note: Front Cover -- Biophysical Measurement in Experimental Social Science Research: Theory and Practice -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Contributors -- Foreword -- References -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1: Eye Tracking as a Tool for Examining Cognitive Processes -- Introduction -- History and Measurement -- From Eye Tracking to Cognitive Science -- Examples of Eye Tracking in Cognitive Science -- Visual Search -- Reading -- Infant Cognition -- Judgment and Decision Making -- In-depth Example: Associative Learning -- Learning, Blocking, and the Role of Attention -- The Automatic Capture of Attention by Reward -- Gaze-Contingency -- Conclusions and Future Directions for Eye Tracking -- References -- Chapter 2: Brain Morphometry for Economists: How do Brain Volume Constraints Affect Our Choices? -- Introduction -- How is Information About Reward Value Encoded in the Brain? -- Theoretical Findings on the Implications of Nervous System Limitations for Value Encoding -- Approaches to Brain Anatomy -- Voxel-Based Morphometry -- The Links Between Gray Matter Volume and Behavior -- Risk Attitudes -- Discounting -- Rationality in Choice -- The Relevance of Brain Structure Measurements to Economics -- Caveats -- References -- Chapter 3: fMRI in Economics: What Functional Imaging of the Brain Can Add to Behavioral Economics Experiments -- Introduction -- Economic Theories Relevant to fMRI Technology -- How the Brain Works -- The Hemodynamic Response -- Excitatory Versus Inhibitory Activity -- The Method and Application of fMRI Technology -- What Have We Learned From fMRI Evidence? -- Subjective Value in the Brain -- Decision Making Under Uncertainty -- Loss Aversion -- Regret Aversion -- Reference Dependence -- Intertemporal Decision Making -- Social Decision Making -- Limitations -- Conclusion -- References. , Chapter 4: Skin Conductance in the Study of Politics and Communication* -- Introduction -- What Exactly is Skin Conductance? -- What Can We Learn From Skin Conductance? -- Negativity Biases in Reactions to Network News -- Methods -- Results -- Discussion -- References -- Chapter 5: Steroid Hormones in Social Science Research -- Introduction -- Understanding Steroid Hormones -- What Are Steroid Hormones? -- Organizational Effects of Steroid Hormones -- Activational Effects of Steroid Hormones -- How Can Steroid Hormones be Measured? -- Measuring the Organizational Effects of Steroid Hormones -- Measuring the Activational Effects of Steroid Hormones -- Measuring Circulating Steroid Hormone Levels -- Contextual Factors Affecting Steroid Hormone Measurement -- How Can We Use Steroid Hormones in Social Science Research? -- Steroid Hormones as a Reflector of Environmental Inputs -- Steroid Hormones Effect on Behavior -- Limitations of Steroid Hormone Research -- Complementarity With Other Research and Directions for Future Research -- References -- Chapter 6: An Interoceptive Walk Down Wall Street -- Introduction -- From Cold to Warm Rationality -- A Brief History of the Economic Study of Behavior -- The Role of Emotion -- Definitions and Measures of Interoception -- Interoceptive Ability and Financial Professionals -- Interoception on Wall Street -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: Mind, Body, Bubble! Psychological and Biophysical Dimensions of Behavior in Experimental Asset Markets -- Introduction -- The Role of the Brain-Body Nexus in Financial Decision Making -- The Embodied Mind -- Interpersonal Differences -- Experimental Environment -- Fixed Characteristics -- Personality -- Cognitive Ability -- Gender -- Transitory States -- Hormones -- Systems 1 and 2 -- Emotions: Induced Through Priming -- Emotions: Repeated Measures -- fMRI. , Discussion and Conclusion -- Implications for Research -- Implications for Our Understanding of Markets -- Implications for Market Design, Regulation, and Policy -- References -- Chapter 8: Opportunities and Challenges of Portable Biological, Social, and Behavioral Sensing Systems for the Social Sci ... -- Introduction -- Heart Rate Variability Measurement, Emotions, and Stress -- Sociometers and Emotional Sense Systems -- Influence -- Mimicry -- Activity Level -- Consistency -- Capturing Nonverbal Dynamics: The Current Frontier -- Future Opportunities -- Toward a Better Micro-Foundation of Human Behavior -- Scientific Philosophy and Method -- From Micro to Macro -- References -- Chapter 9: Can Social Scientists Use Molecular Genetic Data to Explain Individual Differences and Inform Public Policy? -- Introduction -- Scientific Primer -- A Brief Review of the Development of Molecular Genetics Over the Last Century -- Collecting Molecular Genetic Data -- Social Science Research Using Genetic Data -- From Candidate Genes to Genome-Wide Studies -- Moving Beyond Association: Using Genetic Markers to Estimate Causal Effects -- Gene-Environment Interactions -- Can Genetic Research Findings Inform Public Policy? -- Conclusions and Future Directions -- References -- Glossary -- Chapter 10: Conclusion -- Introduction -- Ethical Matters -- Current Practice in Historical Context -- Frontiers -- Pupillometry -- Emotion Recognition Based on Facial Musculature or Gait Analysis -- Relevance of Biophysical Methods to the Future Development of Theories and Policy Recommendations -- References -- Appendix 1: Getting Started With Eye Tracking -- A (very) brief explanation of video-based eye tracking -- Choosing the eye tracking system that is right for you -- Types of eye movements targeted in eye tracking research -- Types of eye trackers -- Tower-Mounted Trackers. , Remote Trackers -- Head-Mounted Trackers -- Sampling frequency -- How Sampling Frequency Affects Measurement Error -- Sampling Frequency and Gaze Contingency -- What Sampling Frequency do You Need? -- Accuracy and precision -- Eye Tracker Latency -- Binocular versus monocular tracking -- Analysis software -- A Simple eye tracking experiment from design to data analysis -- Design -- Programming -- Data collection -- Calibration -- Troubleshooting Common Problems in Data Collection -- Data analysis -- Data Preprocessing -- Defining Areas of Interest -- A Simple Method for Calculating Dwell Time -- Summary -- References -- Appendix 2: Using Heart Rate Variability Measures in Social Science Research -- Introduction -- HRV: what type of information is provided? -- Heart Rate Variability Versus Heart Rate -- Deciding on a Measurement Approach -- Which Method Should you Use? -- Getting a Good Recording -- The Type of Device to Use -- The nature of hrv data -- Optimal Duration of Measurement Episodes -- Within- Versus Between-Individual Analysis -- Data Cleaning -- When and when not to use HRV -- What Type of Studies? -- The Cost of Using HRV Measures -- Necessary Sample Sizes -- Timelines -- Summary -- References -- Index -- Back Cover.

Language: English