Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

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Format: 1 online resource (320 pages) : , color illustrations.

ISBN: 9780081007273 , 0081007272 , 9780081007181 , 0081007183

Series Statement: Woodhead publishing series in food science, technology and nutrition

Note: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Introduction -- Part One - Introduction to Sheep Welfare -- 1 - Understanding the natural behaviour of sheep -- Highly selective herbivores -- Social factors -- Highly selective in food choices -- Followers, fearful and gregarious -- Follower behaviours -- Social dominance -- Fearful and gregarious -- Undemonstrative -- Conclusions -- References -- 2 - Overview of sheep production systems -- International perspectives in sheep production: differences in systems and welfare risks -- World sheep numbers and production -- Sheep production systems -- Welfare risks in different systems -- Traditional, extensive and intensive sheep production systems -- Traditional systems -- Extensive systems -- United Kingdom sheep systems -- Uruguayan sheep production systems -- New Zealand sheep industry -- Australian sheep systems -- Intensive dairy systems -- Future trends in sheep production -- Decline in pastoralism -- Meat versus wool -- Increased fertility -- Genomic selection -- Labour will become difficult -- Labour saving technologies -- Large scale sheep milk production systems and intensification to indoor feeding systems -- Conclusions -- References -- 3 - Consumer and societal expectations for sheep products -- The nature of public perceptions -- Public attitudes and consumption of sheep products -- Meat -- Fibre -- Community behaviour -- Impact of public attitudes on the livestock industries -- Producer practices -- Mortality -- Confinement -- Transport -- Farmer attitudes -- Licence to farm -- Influence on regulators and legislators -- Industry responses -- Conclusions -- References -- Further reading -- Part Two - New Advances in Sheep Welfare Assessment -- 4 - Sheep cognition and its implications for welfare -- Cognitive capacities of sheep -- Spatial navigation. , Social cognition and learning -- Executive decision-making -- Inferential reasoning -- Sense of self -- Stress and cognitive processing -- Learning and expectations -- Cognitive biases -- Judgement bias -- Long-term treatments -- Short-term treatments -- Neurobiological investigations -- Existing issues and future directions -- Attention bias -- Implications for welfare -- References -- 5 - New physiological measures of the biological cost of responding to challenges -- Introduction -- The classical responses to challenge and the associated indicators of welfare -- The hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis -- The sympatho-adrenal system -- New physiological indicators -- Thermal-based markers -- Body temperature -- Infrared thermography (IRT) -- Stress-induced hyperthermia -- Physiological indicators of brain activity -- Neurochemical signals -- Heart rate and heart rate variability -- Electroencephalography -- Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) -- Functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNRS or fNIRS) -- Metabolic indicators -- Indicators from the immune system -- Biomechanical markers -- Interpreting physiological indicators -- Conclusions -- References -- Part Three - Current and Future Solutions to Sheep Welfare Challenges -- 6 - Genetic solutions -- Introduction -- Welfare-related breeding objectives and novel trait concepts in livestock breeding programmes -- Animal resilience and breeding for better animal welfare -- Temperament as a selection criterion for improved welfare outcomes -- Lamb mortality: an existing trait revisited -- Breeding for breechstrike resistance in Merino sheep -- Valuation of welfare-related traits -- Breeding strategies to improve welfare in sheep -- Mass selection -- Selection on estimated breeding values -- Genomic approaches to improve welfare traits in sheep. , Genomic selection -- Marker/gene assisted selection -- Conclusions -- References -- 7 - Reproductive management (including impacts of prenatal stress on offspring development) -- Introduction -- Conception -- Mating behaviour and welfare -- Artificial manipulation of conception and fertility -- Pregnancy management -- Nutritional management -- Housing -- Shearing in pregnancy -- Stress during pregnancy -- Impact on the mother -- Impact on the offspring -- Lambing and lactation -- Preparing for birth -- Birth and dystocia -- Expression of maternal behaviour -- Expression of neonatal behaviour -- Development of the maternal bond and weaning -- Fostering and artificial rearing -- Lamb survival -- Conclusions and future directions -- References -- 8 - Nutritional management -- Introduction -- Body condition score -- Nutritional management pre and during transportation and prior to slaughter -- Pregnancy management -- Management during lactation -- Nutritional management post-weaning -- Early weaning management -- Nutrition, wool and shearing -- Intensive farming systems -- Mineral trace/elements requirements -- Dietary toxins -- Future considerations -- Conclusions -- References -- 9 - Predation control -- Introduction -- The impact of predation on sheep welfare -- Protecting sheep from predators -- Lethal approaches -- Non-lethal control -- The impact of predator control methods on sheep welfare -- Conclusions -- References -- 10 - Managing disease risks -- General introduction -- Importance of small ruminant welfare within the primary context of global food security -- Management of disease risks with reference to improved food production -- Promotion of animal welfare within the context of food production efficiency -- Clinical evaluation of individual animals -- Individual animal disease management. , Planned animal health as a means of ensuring a good state of welfare -- Sheep flock health and welfare planning -- Biosecurity with reference to infectious diseases compromising animal welfare -- Welfare education focused on managing disease risks -- Conclusions -- References -- 11 - Husbandry procedures -- Pain -- Distress -- Marking -- Castration -- Docking -- Mulesing -- Ear tagging and notching -- Marking -- Foot trimming -- Shearing, crutching or dagging -- Health treatment (vaccination, drenching, bolus administration, dipping, showering and backlining) -- Breeding practices -- Electro-immobilisation -- Teeth grinding -- Conclusions -- References -- Further reading -- 12 - Transport and pre-slaughter management -- Introduction -- Preparation of sheep for transportation -- Fitness to travel -- Acclimation periods and curfews -- Loading -- Transport of sheep by road, rail and air -- Transport of sheep by sea -- Transport practices -- Journey duration -- Space allowance -- Thermal environment during transport -- Provision of feed and water -- Rest stops -- Saleyards and markets -- Post-transport conditions -- Lairage environment and pre-slaughter considerations -- Animal handling -- Restraint for stunning and slaughter -- Humane slaughter -- Emergency procedures -- Assessment of insensibility -- Optimisation of electrical stunning -- New methods for rendering sheep insensible prior to slaughter -- Conclusions -- References -- 13 - Advanced livestock management solutions -- Introduction -- The principles of precision farming -- The development of precision livestock farming (PLF) -- Current PLF technologies deployed on farms -- Current sheep precision livestock farming technologies -- Electronic identification (EID) -- Automatic weighing systems -- Automatic shedding gates -- Predator alert systems -- Future sheep PLF technologies. , Advanced EID systems -- Applying dairy cow technologies to sheep production -- Animal location -- Controlling pasture access -- Virtual fencing -- Reward-based virtual fencing -- The 'Virtual Shepherd' -- Impact of PLF on sheep welfare -- Potential positive welfare impact of PLF in extensive sheep systems -- Freedom from hunger and thirst-by ready access to fresh water and a diet to maintain full health and vigour -- Freedom from pain, injury or disease-by prevention or rapid diagnosis and treatment -- Freedom from discomfort-by providing an appropriate environment including shelter and a comfortable resting area -- Freedom from fear and distress-by ensuring conditions and treatment which avoid mental suffering -- Freedom to express normal behaviour-by providing sufficient space, proper facilities and company of the animals' own kind -- Potential negative welfare impact of PLF -- Barriers to technology adoption -- Wider potential benefits of sheep PLF -- Summary -- References -- 14 - Optimised welfare for sheep in research and teaching -- Introduction -- Legislation and codes -- The five freedoms and legislative requirements -- Institutional codes of practice and animal ethics committees -- Sheep biology, health and interventions -- Overview -- Acclimatisation -- Pre-experimental health testing and ongoing health programmes -- Nutritional considerations -- Experimental manipulations and welfare considerations -- Euthanasia -- Sheep behaviour -- The facility -- Housing considerations -- Pen versus crate/cage -- Environmental management -- Training staff and students in Sheep Welfare 101 -- Ongoing staff development -- Feedback -- The personal cost of undertaking large animal research -- Concluding comments -- References -- Part Four - Sheep Welfare Beyond 2020 -- 15 - Future challenges and opportunities in sheep welfare. , The changing face of sheep production.

Language: English