UID:
almahu_9949269085202882
Format:
1 online resource (309 pages)
Edition:
2nd ed.
ISBN:
1-5231-4484-X
,
1-77467-001-1
Content:
Handbook of Foaming and Blowing Agents, Second Edition includes the most current information on foaming technology, guiding users on the proper selection of formulation, which is highly dependent on the mechanisms of action of blowing agents and foaming agents, as well as dispersion and solubility. The book includes properties of 23 groups of blowing agents and the typical range of technical performance for each group, including general properties, physical-chemical properties, health and safety, environmental impact, and applications in different products and polymers. All information is illustrated by chemical reactions and diagrams.
Note:
Includes index.
,
Front Cover -- Handbook of Foaming and Blowing Agents -- Table of Contents -- Copyright Page -- Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. Chemical Origins of Blowing Agents -- 2.1 Activators -- 2.2 Azodicarbonamide -- 2.3 Crosslinkers -- 2.4 Dinitroso pentamethylene tetramine compounds -- 2.5 Dispersions in polymers carriers -- 2.6 Foaming agent mixtures with other additive(s) -- 2.7 Gases -- 2.8 Hydrazides -- 2.9 Hydrocarbons -- 2.10 Hydrochlorcarbon -- 2.11 Hydrochlorofluorocarbon -- 2.12 Hydrofluorocarbons -- 2.13 Hydrofluoroolefins -- 2.14 Masterbatches -- 2.15 Microspheres -- 2.16 Mixtures of foaming agents -- 2.17 Nucleating agents -- 2.18 Proprietary -- 2.19 Salts of carbonic and polycarboxylic acids -- 2.20 Sodium bicarbonate -- 2.21 Sulfonylsemicarbazides -- 2.22 Tetrazoles -- 2.23 Water -- References -- Chapter 3. Mechanisms of Action of Blowing Agents -- 3.1 Mechanisms of foaming by decomposing solids -- 3.2 Production of gaseous products by chemical reaction -- 3.3 Foaming by gases and evaporating liquids -- References -- Chapter 4. Dispersion and Solubility of Blowing Agents -- References -- Chapter 5. Parameters of Foam Production -- 5.1 Amount of blowing agent -- 5.2 Clamping pressure -- 5.3 Delay time -- 5.4 Desorption time -- 5.5 Die pressure -- 5.6 Die temperature -- 5.7 Gas content -- 5.8 Gas flow rate -- 5.9 Gas injection location -- 5.10 Gas sorption and desorption rates -- 5.11 Internal pressure after foaming -- 5.12 Mold pressure -- 5.13 Mold temperature -- 5.14 Operational window -- 5.15 Plastisol viscosity -- 5.16 Saturation pressure -- 5.17 Saturation temperature -- 5.18 Screw revolution speed -- 5.19 Surface tension -- 5.20 Time -- 5.21 Temperature -- 5.22 Void volume -- References -- Chapter 6. Foam Stabilization -- References -- Chapter 7. Foaming Efficiency Measures -- 7.1 Cell size -- 7.2 Cell density.
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7.3 Cell wall thickness (average) -- 7.4 Foam density -- 7.5 Expansion ratio (by volume) -- 7.6 Open cell content -- 7.7 Void fraction -- References -- Chapter 8. Morphology of Foams -- 8.1 Bimodal morphology -- 8.2 Cell density -- 8.3 Cell morphology -- 8.4 Cell size -- 8.5 Cell wall thickness -- 8.6 Closed cell -- 8.7 Core & -- skin thickness -- 8.8 Morphological features of foams -- 8.9 Open cell -- References -- Chapter 9. Foaming in Different Processing Methods -- 9.1 Blown film extrusion -- 9.2 Calendering -- 9.3 Clay exfoliation -- 9.4 Compression molding -- 9.5 Depressurization -- 9.6 Extrusion -- 9.7 Free foaming -- 9.8 Injection molding -- 9.9 Microwave heating -- 9.10 Rotational molding -- 9.11 Solid-state foaming -- 9.12 Supercritical fluid-laden pellet injection molding foaming technology -- 9.13 Thermoforming -- 9.14 UV laser -- 9.15 Vacuum drying -- 9.16 Wire coating -- References -- Chapter 10. Selection of Foaming and Blowing Agents for Different Polymers -- 10.1 Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene -- 10.2 Acrylonitrile-butadiene-acrylate -- 10.3 Bismaleimide resin -- 10.4 Bromobutyl rubber -- 10.5 Cellulose acetate -- 10.6 Chitosan -- 10.7 Cyanoacrylate -- 10.8 Epoxy -- 10.9 Ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene -- 10.10 Ethylene-propylene diene rubber -- 10.11 Ethylene-vinyl acetate -- 10.12 Fluorinated ethylene propylene -- 10.13 Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose -- 10.14 Melamine resin -- 10.15 Phenol formaldehyde -- 10.16 Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) -- 10.17 Poly(butylene succinate) -- 10.18 Poly(ε-caprolactone) -- 10.19 Polyacrylonitrile -- 10.20 Polyamide -- 10.21 Polycarbonate -- 10.22 Polycarbonate/ABS -- 10.23 Polychloroprene -- 10.24 Polydimethylsiloxane -- 10.25 Polyetherketone -- 10.26 Polyetherimide -- 10.27 Polyethersulfone -- 10.28 PES/PEN blends -- 10.29 Polyethylene -- 10.30 Poly(ethylene-co-octene).
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10.31 Poly(ethylene terephthalate) -- 10.32 Polyimide -- 10.33 Poly(lactic acid) -- 10.34 Polymethylmethacrylate -- 10.35 Polyoxymethylene -- 10.36 Polypropylene -- 10.37 Polystyrene -- 10.38 Polyurethane -- 10.39 Polyvinylalcohol -- 10.40 Polyvinylchloride -- 10.41 Poly(vinyl chloride-co-vinyl acetate) -- 10.42 Polyvinylidenefluoride -- 10.43 Natural rubber -- 10.44 Starch -- Chapter 11. Additives -- 11.1 Activators, accelerators, and kickers -- 11.2 Catalysts -- 11.3 Crosslinking agents -- 11.4 Curing agents -- 11.5 Diluents -- 11.6 Exfoliated additives -- 11.7 Fibers -- 11.8 Fillers -- 11.9 Fire retardants -- 11.10 Foam stabilizers -- 11.11 Nucleating agents -- 11.12 Plasticizers -- 11.13 Polymeric modifiers -- 11.14 Retarders -- 11.15 Surfactants -- References -- Chapter 12. Effect of Foaming on Physical-Mechanical Properties of Foams -- 12.1 Compression set, strength, and modulus -- 12.2 Crystallinity -- 12.3 Deformation recovery -- 12.4 Density -- 12.5 Elastic modulus -- 12.6 Elongation -- 12.7 EMI shielding -- 12.8 Expansion ratio -- 12.9 Flexural modulus -- 12.10 Glass transition temperature -- 12.11 Impact strength -- 12.12 Relative permittivity -- 12.13 Resistivity -- 12.14 Rheology -- 12.15 Shape memory -- 12.16 Shear modulus -- 12.17 Shrinkage -- 12.18 Sound absorption -- 12.19 Surface roughness -- 12.20 Surface tension -- 12.21 Tear strength -- 12.22 Tensile modulus -- 12.23 Tensile strength -- 12.24 Thermal conductivity -- References -- Chapter 13. Analytical Techniques Useful in Foaming -- 13.1 Cell density -- 13.2 Cell size -- 13.3 Density -- 13.4 Differential scanning calorimetry -- 13.5 Fourier transform infrared -- 13.6 Optical expandometry -- 13.7 Polarizing optical microscope -- 13.8 Scanning electron microscopy -- 13.9 Transmission electron microscopy -- 13.10 Confocal laser scanning microscopy -- 13.11 X-ray analysis.
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References -- Chapter 14. Health and Safety and Environmental Impact of Foaming Processes -- References -- Index.
Additional Edition:
ISBN 1-77467-000-3
Language:
English
