UID:
edoccha_9958125298102883
Umfang:
xv, 72 pages :
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illustrations, map ;
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26 cm.
Ausgabe:
1st ed.
ISBN:
1-281-38589-1
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9786611385897
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0-8213-7482-6
Serie:
World Bank working paper, no. 138
Inhalt:
Balancing climate change mitigation and increased energy needs in developing countries poses a serious dilemma that can only be reconciled with new and improved clean energy technologies. Factors, such as relatively low levels of research, development and deployment (RD&D) funding and significant barriers to advancement, must be overcome to accelerate innovation in the energy sector. The paper examines four case studies that provide lessons that can strengthen the development of new technology initiatives, which will address the needed balance between climate mitigation and the growing energy
Anmerkung:
Description based upon print version of record.
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Contents; Foreword; Acknowledgments; Acronyms and Abbreviations; Executive Summary; 1. Introduction; 2. Climate Change and the Need for New Clean Energy Technologies; The Growing Global Concern about the Threat of Climate Change; Clean Energy Technology Options; Figure 1. Historical and Forecasted CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustions by Fuel Type; Figure 2. Historical and Forecasted CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustions by Region; Figure 3. Future Emissions Reduction Potential for Clean Energy Technologies, by Development Stages; The Need for New and Improved Clean Energy Technologies
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3. Trends in Energy Research and Development Spending A Period of Reduced Energy R&D Spending from Mid-1980's to Early 2000's; Renewed Public and Private RD&D Activity in Recent Years; Figure 4. Public Energy R&D Spending vs. Oil Price; The Increasing Role of Rapidly Growing Client Countries in Energy RD&D; The Limits of Renewed Energy RD&D Activity; 4. Barriers to the Development and Deployment of Clean Energy Technologies; Negative Externality of Carbon Emissions Is Difficult to Valuate; Climate Change Mitigation Is a Global Public Good
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The "Valley of Death" between Public- and Private-Sector Development Figure 5. The "Valley of Death" between Public and Private Sector Development Activities; The "Mountain of Death" of Technology Costs; Figure 6. The "Mountain of Death": The Rise and Decline of Technology Costs through Commercialization; Intellectual Property Right Protection is a Concern; Technology Needs of Developing Countries Are Not Adequately Served; The Network Structure of the Electricity Sector Limits Integration of New Technology; National Interests Can Impede International Collaboration
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Figure 7. Global Investment in Sustainable Energy by Type and Region, 2006 Energy RD&D Can Require Large, Sunk Capital Investments; The Commodity Nature of Electricity; "Carbon Lock-in," Subsidies, and Barriers to Trade; Imperfect and Asymmetric Information; 5. Case Studies of Technical Innovation from Other Sectors; Agriculture and the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR); Table 1. Summary of Case Studies of Technology Innovation in Non-energy Sectors; Table 2. Agricultural R&D Spending and the Role of the CGIAR; Vaccines and Advanced Market Commitments (AMCs)
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Table 3. AMC Donors Commitments for a Pneumococcal Vaccine Biotechnology and the Human Genome Project (HGP); Table 4. Human Genome Project Funding (US millions); Open Source Software, Creation Networks, and Distributed Innovation; 6. Lessons Learned; Bridging the "Valley of Death"; Pooling Resources to Address Global Public Goods; Facilitating Innovative Research Partnerships; Sharing Information and Addressing Intellectual Property Rights; Transferring Technology: South-South and North-South; Using World Bank Group Strengths to Promote Technology Development
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Setting Goals without Picking Winners
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English
Weitere Ausg.:
ISBN 0-8213-7481-8
Sprache:
Englisch
