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Format: 1 online resource (286 pages)

ISBN: 9783031103148

Note: Includes index. , Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Author -- Part I Semiconductor Materials: Structure, Processes, Fabrication -- 1 Crystal Structure and Energy Bands -- 1.1 The Lattice Structure -- 1.2 Energy Bands -- 1.3 Metals and Insulators -- 1.4 Electrons and Holes -- 1.5 The Origin of Energy Bands according to the Schroedinger Equation -- 1.6 Band Structure -- 1.7 Direct and Indirect Semiconductors -- 1.8 Basic Properties of a Semiconductor Material to Be Taken from the Band Structure -- 1.9 Questions and Answers -- 2 Transport of Charge Carriers -- 2.1 Ohm's Law -- 2.2 Mobility and Hall Effect -- 2.3 Factors Determining the Mobility of Charge Carriers -- 2.4 Saturation Velocity -- 2.5 Mobility and Frequency Limit of Devices -- References -- 3 Donors and Acceptors -- 3.1 Creation of Free Electrons and Holes by Thermal Excitation -- 3.2 Doping of Si -- 3.3 The Hydrogen Model of Donors and Acceptors -- 3.4 Shallow Donors and Acceptors in Compound Semiconductors -- 3.5 Isoelectronic Impurities -- 3.6 Questions and Answers -- 4 Carrier Statistics -- 4.1 Density of States -- 4.2 Free Carrier Concentration in Thermal Equilibrium -- 4.3 The Law of Mass Action -- 4.4 The Intrinsic Case -- 4.5 Semi-insulating Semiconductors -- 4.6 The Temperature Dependence of Carrier Concentration. Why Si-Electronics Does not Work at Elevated Temperatures -- 4.7 Questions and Answers -- 5 Fabrication of Electronic Silicon -- 5.1 Silicon Valley, Si-Technology, and Si-Age -- 5.2 The Siemens Process -- 5.3 Crystal Growth of Silicon -- 5.4 The Float Zone Process as a Purification Method -- 5.5 Wafering -- 5.6 Electronic Silicon, a Material of Extreme Purity and Crystalline Perfection -- 5.7 Questions and Answers -- 6 Lattice Defects -- 6.1 Intrinsic and Extrinsic Defects -- 6.2 Point Defects -- 6.3 Line Defects (Dislocations). , 6.4 The Role of Dislocations in Electronic Materials -- 6.5 Two-Dimensional Defects -- 6.6 Three-Dimensional Defects -- 6.7 Questions and Answers -- References -- 7 Compound Semiconductors -- 7.1 Introduction, Some History -- 7.2 The Potential of III-V-Compounds -- 7.3 Growth of GaAs and InP by the LEC and VGF Process -- 7.4 "New" Compound Semiconductors: SiC, AlN, and GaN -- 7.5 Epitaxy -- 7.6 Questions and Answers -- References -- 8 Amorphous Semiconductors -- 8.1 Short-Range Order and Band Structure -- 8.2 On the Distinction Between Direct and Indirect Semiconductors in Amorphous Semiconductors -- 8.3 Variable Range Hopping Conduction -- 8.4 The Problem of Doping in a-Si -- 8.5 Applications of a-Si:H -- 8.6 Questions and Answers -- References -- Part II Devices -- 9 The pn-Junction -- 9.1 pn-Junction Without External Voltage -- 9.2 pn-Junction with External Voltage -- 9.3 Breakthrough Voltage -- 9.4 Thickness of Depletion Layers -- 9.5 Questions and Answers -- 10 Solar Cells -- 10.1 The Sun, a Gigantic Energy Source -- 10.2 The Solar Cell, a pn-Junction Device -- 10.3 Operating Principle of the Solar Cell in Detail -- 10.4 The Optimum Bandgap for a Solar Cell Material -- 10.5 Thin Film Solar Cells -- 10.6 Cheaper Silicon for Photovoltaics -- 10.7 Questions and Answers -- References -- 11 Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) -- 11.1 The Light Emitting Process in Semiconductors -- 11.2 The Linewidth of LEDs -- 11.3 Radiative and Nonradiative Processes -- 11.4 External and Internal Quantum Efficiency -- 11.5 LEDs for All Colors -- 11.6 The Story of the Blue LED -- 11.7 White LEDs -- 11.8 UV LEDs -- 11.9 Brightness of LEDs -- 11.10 Questions and Answers -- References -- 12 Semiconductor Lasers -- 12.1 The Laser Principle -- 12.2 Light Amplification and Lasing -- 12.3 Double Heterojunction Laser. , 12.4 Lasers for Optical Data Storage and Optical Data Transmission -- 12.5 Laser Materials for Optical Data Transmission, an Example of Bandgap Engineering -- 12.6 Questions and Answers -- References -- 13 Transistors -- 13.1 The Bipolar Transistor -- 13.2 Field Effect Transistor -- 13.3 A MOSFET Problem Related to Miniaturization of Modern Electronics: High k-dielectrics -- 13.4 The Two-Dimensional Electron Gas, Realized in a MOSFET -- 13.5 Questions and Answers -- Reference -- 14 Integrated Circuits -- 14.1 Moore's Law -- 14.2 Photolithography: Components and Steps of Fabrication -- 14.3 Exposure in the Photolithography -- 14.4 Some Important Constituents of Integrated Circuits -- 14.5 Light Sources for Photolithography -- 14.6 Resolution Enhancement Techniques -- 14.7 Some Concluding Remarks on the Present Situation of Chip Technology -- 14.8 Questions and Answers -- References -- 15 Organic Electronics -- 15.1 Organic Materials for Electronics, a Totally Different Approach -- 15.2 Conjugated Double Bonds -- 15.3 Band Structure and Conductivity in Polymers -- 15.4 Polymer Conductivity by "Doping" -- 15.5 Conductivity of Polymers by Charge Carrier Injection -- 15.6 Charge Carrier Transport -- 15.7 Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) -- 15.8 Organic Solar Cells -- 15.9 Questions and Answers -- References -- 16 Towards Molecular Electronics -- 16.1 From "Top-Down" to "Bottom-Up" -- 16.2 Carbon Allotropes, Fullerenes -- 16.3 Carbon Nanotubes -- 16.4 Graphene -- 16.5 Single Molecule Interconnects and Anchor Groups -- 16.6 Molecular Switches -- 16.7 C-Based Electronics, Complementary to Si-Technology -- 16.8 Questions and Answers -- References -- List of Physics Comments -- Name Index -- Subject Index.

Additional Edition: Print version: Winnacker, Albrecht The Physics Behind Semiconductor Technology Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2023 ISBN 9783031103131

Language: English