Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

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Format: 1 online resource (290 pages)

Edition: 1st ed.

ISBN: 0-443-19092-5

Note: Front Cover -- COVID-19's Consequences on the Cardiovascular System -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of contributors -- Foreword -- Introduction -- Introduction -- 1 The pathophysiology of COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system -- Introduction -- Direct myocardial and pericardial injury by SARS-CoV-2 -- Cardiovascular implications of SARS-CoV-2 effect on the renin-angiotensin system -- The inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 infection -- Cardiovascular implications of the cytokine storm -- Effect of cytokine storm on systemic vasculature -- Hypercoagulable state -- Disseminated intravascular coagulation -- The effect of SARS-CoV-2 on the pulmonary vasculature -- Conclusion -- References -- 2 Cardiovascular comorbidities and COVID-19 outcomes -- Introduction -- Risk of severity outcomes and mortality in COVID-19: scientific evidence -- Hypertension -- Coronary heart disease -- Heart failure -- Atrial fibrillation -- Possible mechanisms involved -- Concluding remarks -- References -- 3 Prognostic role of troponins and other cardiac-related biomarkers in COVID-19 -- What are biomarkers? -- The importance of cardiac biomarkers -- Role of troponins in COVID-19 -- Significance of raised cardiac troponins (cTroponins) in COVID-19 -- Robust prognostic marker or misdirect/red herring? -- Role of CK-Mb in COVID-19 -- Other cardiac biomarkers -- Myoglobin-biochemistry -- Pathophysiology of the rise of myoglobin -- Myoglobin as a mortality predictor -- Drawbacks -- Role of nonspecific markers in COVID-19 -- Role of C-reactive protein -- Role of interleukin-6 -- Role of lactate dehydrogenase -- Summary -- References -- 4 Cardiovascular medications and its relations with COVID-19 survival -- Introduction -- Drug categories -- Beta-adrenoceptor blockers -- Aspirin -- Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers -- Anticoagulants. , COVID-19 and prothrombotic parameters -- Vitamin K antagonist/warfarin -- Heparins -- Direct-acting oral anticoagulants -- Anticoagulant medication and COVID-19 survival -- Calcium channel blockers -- Diuretics -- Antiarrhythmics -- Class I -- Class II -- Class III -- Class IV -- Class V (miscellaneous) -- Statins -- Indications for statin usage -- Mechanism of action -- Side effects, contraindications, and interactions -- Statin usage in COVID-19 -- Proposed mechanism of action of statins alongside COVID-19 pathophysiology -- Statin use preceding COVID-19 infection -- Statin use during COVID-19 infection -- Statin use and COVID-19: conclusion -- Conclusion -- References -- 5 Imaging in Covid-19 -- Chest radiographs -- Computerized tomography of the chest -- Lung ultrasound -- Magnetic resonance imaging -- Covid-19 imaging in pregnancy -- Covid-19 imaging in children and neonates -- Imaging of cardiovascular complications of Covid-19 -- Myocarditis -- Thrombotic events -- Conclusions -- References -- 6 Long-term impact of COVID-19 on the cardiovascular system -- Introduction -- Definitions of long-COVID -- Epidemiology of long-COVID -- Prevalence and predictors of long-COVID: increased risk of cardiovascular disease after COVID-19 infection -- Potential long-term cardiovascular effects of COVID-19 -- The effect of long-COVID on the cardiovascular system -- Heart muscle -- Blood vessels -- Autonomic nervous system dysfunction -- Inflammation and plaque vulnerability -- Additional risk factors for developing severe and long-COVID cardiovascular disease complications -- Symptoms and pathophysiological mechanisms in long-COVID -- Diagnosis, management, and treatment of cardiovascular effects and complications -- Cardiovascular system biomarkers to detect and manage long-COVID. , Treatment of cardiovascular disorders/syndromes/manifestations associated with long-COVID -- The RECOVER Initiative at Stanford Medicine: an NIH-funded long-COVID study -- Concluding remarks and future directions -- References -- 7 Pericardial and myocardial manifestations of COVID-19 -- Introduction -- Pathophysiology -- Myocarditis -- Symptoms -- Investigations -- Biomarkers -- Electrocardiogram -- Echocardiogram -- Computer tomography -- Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging -- Endomyocardial biopsy -- Outcomes of COVID myocarditis -- Treatment strategies -- Pericarditis and myopericarditis -- Pericarditis -- Diagnostic criteria -- Investigations -- Symptoms and biomarkers -- Investigations -- Electrocardiogram -- Echocardiogram -- Myopericarditis -- Investigations -- Outcomes of pericarditis and myopericarditis -- Treatment of patients with pericarditis and myopericarditis -- Conclusion -- COVID vaccine -- Myocarditis, myopericarditis, and pericarditis as a result of vaccination against COVID-19 -- Factors which may contribute to COVID-19 vaccine side effects -- Gender -- Age -- Vaccine manufacturer -- Second vaccination dose -- Conclusion -- References -- 8 The thromboembolic effect of COVID-19 -- Introduction -- Epidemiology of venous thromboembolism in COVID-19 -- Epidemiology of venous thromboembolism during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection -- Epidemiology of venous thromboembolism after recovering from an acute SARS-CoV-2 infection -- Predisposing factors of venous thromboembolism in COVID-19 -- Prognosis of venous thromboembolism in COVID-19 -- In situ pulmonary thrombosis -- Conclusions -- References -- 9 COVID-19 and platelets: an enigmatic relationship -- Introduction -- Platelet count in COVID-19 -- Platelet volume in COVID-19 -- Immature platelets in COVID-19 -- Biological basis of platelet abnormalities in COVID-19. , Antiplatelet treatment in COVID-19 -- Conclusions -- References -- 10 Cardiology service and COVID-19: the international impact -- Introduction -- The impact in Africa -- The impact in Europe -- Outpatient -- Inpatient -- Cardiac investigations -- Cardiac procedures -- Conclusion -- COVID-19 and its impact on cardiology services in Asia -- General study -- Cardiac rehabilitation (worldwide) -- Thoracic surgery -- Cardiology testing in a South Asian low- and middle-income countries -- COVID-19 pandemic impact on the US Cardiology Service -- Outpatient cardiology service in the United States -- Benefits of interactive telehealth -- Challenges that interactive telehealth faced -- HIPAA and temporary waiver of Medicare restrictions -- Inpatient cardiology services and reimbursement structure for ITH -- References -- 11 Cardiovascular surgery services during COVID-19 pandemic -- Introduction -- Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular surgery services -- Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiovascular surgery in United Kingdom -- Global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiovascular surgery -- Responses and adaptations of cardiovascular surgery services to COVID-19 -- Europe -- London, England -- Lombardy, Italy -- North and South America -- New York City, United States -- Brazil -- Africa -- South Africa -- Asia -- Hong Kong and Mainland China -- India -- Australasia -- Australia and New Zealand -- Innovation in cardiovascular surgery services during the pandemic -- Telemedicine -- Benefits and difficulties associated with telemedicine -- Future perspectives -- Conclusion -- References -- 12 Cardiac arrhythmia and sudden death in relation to COVID-19 -- Introduction -- Pathophysiology of arrhythmias in previous coronavirus outbreaks -- Pathophysiology of arrhythmias in cases of influenza virus -- Pathophysiology of arrhythmias in SARS-CoV-2. , Electrolyte abnormalities and cardiac arrhythmias -- Hyponatremia -- Hypokalemia -- Inflammatory markers and their mediation of cardiac arrhythmias -- Hypoxia-induced cardiac arrhythmias -- Drug effect for COVID-19 management and interactions with other medications -- Structural heart disease -- Pulmonary embolism and its associated arrhythmias -- Adrenergic stress leading to arrhythmias -- Sudden death in COVID-19 -- Mechanism of sudden cardiac death in COVID-19 -- Management -- References -- 13 Heart failure and acute coronary syndrome with COVID-19 -- Heart failure and COVID-19 -- Background of heart failure -- Heart failure epidemiology -- Prior to COVID-19 -- Impact of COVID-19 on heart failure epidemiology -- Heart failure physiology in COVID -- Ischemia -- Myocarditis -- Left ventricular dysfunction -- Right heart failure -- Heart failure medications in COVID-19 -- Suggested COVID-19 medications and impact on heart failure -- Myocardial injury biomarkers in heart failure and COVID-19 -- Signs and symptoms of heart failure in COVID-19 -- Investigations -- Bedside testing -- Laboratory tests -- Imaging -- Management -- Future primary prevention measure for heart failure -- Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and COVID-19 -- Introduction to ACS in COVID-19-positive patients -- Epidemiology of ACS during the COVID-19 pandemic -- Pathophysiology of ACS in COVID-19 positive patients -- Plaque rupture (Type 1 AMI) -- Hypercoagulable state -- Type 2 AMI -- Endothelial dysfunction (ED) -- Presentation of ACS in COVID-19-positive patients -- Diagnosis of ACS in COVID-19-positive patients -- Differential diagnosis -- Diagnostic markers -- Troponin I -- d-dimer -- BNP/NT-proBNP -- Noninvasive diagnostic imaging -- Echocardiography -- Cardiac CT (CCT)/cardiac MRI (CMR) -- CT chest/CT pulmonary angiogram/coronary CT angiogram. , Management of ACS during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-443-19091-7

Language: English