Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

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Format: 1 online resource (0 p.)

ISBN: 0-12-803183-2

Note: Description based upon print version of record. , Front Cover -- Plant Metal Interaction: Emerging Remediation Techniques -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- About the Editor -- DR PARVAIZ AHMAD (EDITOR) -- Preface -- PLANT METAL INTERACTION: EMERGING REMEDIATION TECHNIQUES -- Acknowledgements -- 1 - ALUMINUM TOXICITY IN PLANTS: AN OVERVIEW -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. ALUMINUM TOXICITY -- 2.1 EFFECT ON LEAVES -- 2.2 EFFECTS ON SHOOTS -- 2.3 EFFECTS ON ROOTS -- 2.4 EFFECTS ON PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY -- 3. ALUMINUM UPTAKE AND TRANSPORT IN PLANTS -- 3.1 ALUMINUM ACCUMULATION IN TOLERANT PLANTS -- 3.2 ALUMINUM UPTAKE AT ROOT LEVELS -- 4. PHYTOTOXICITY OF ALUMINUM AND ITS INTERACTIONS WITH NUTRIENTS -- 4.1 ALUMINUM INTERFERENCE WITH NITRATE IONS AND AMMONIUM IONS -- 5. EFFECTS OF ALUMINUM ON GENE EXPRESSION -- 6. EFFECTS OF ALUMINUM ON PLANT METABOLISM -- 7. INTERFERENCE WITH MINERAL METABOLISM -- 7.1 CALCIUM -- 7.2 POTASSIUM -- 7.3 MAGNESIUM -- 7.4 IRON -- 7.5 NITROGEN -- 7.6 PHOSPHORUS -- 8. INTERACTION WITH CALMODULIN -- 9. EXISTENCE OF DIFFERENTIAL ALUMINUM TOLERANCE IN PLANTS -- 10. TOLERANCE MECHANISMS OF ALUMINUM -- 10.1 PH CHANGES IN ROOT ZONES AND ORGANIC ACID ANION RELEASE -- 10.2 UPTAKE AND DISTRIBUTION -- 10.3 SILICON TREATMENT -- 10.4 NITROGEN NUTRITION -- 10.5 CALCIUM NUTRITION -- 11. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS -- REFERENCES -- 2 - COPPER STRESS AND RESPONSES IN PLANTS -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EXCESS COPPER IS TOXIC TO PLANTS -- 3. EFFECT OF COPPER STRESS ON PLANT GROWTH -- 4. EFFECTS OF COPPER STRESS ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS -- 4.1 ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHANGES IN CHLOROPLASTS -- 4.2 PHOTOSYSTEM II -- 4.3 RUBISCO ACTIVITY -- 5. PROLINE METABOLISM -- 6. ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM -- 7. SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION IN RESPONSE TO COPPER -- 7.1 SIGNAL PERCEPTION -- 7.2 STRESS SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION BY PLANT HORMONES -- 7.3 THE ROLES OF REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES. , 7.4 THE MAPK CASCADE -- 7.4.1 Chelating Compounds -- 7.4.2 Copper Transporters -- 7.4.2.1 COPT Copper Transporters -- 7.4.2.2 P1B-Type Heavy Metal ATPases -- 8. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PROSPECTS -- REFERENCES -- 3 - EFFECT OF LEAD ON PLANT AND HUMAN DNA DAMAGES AND ITS IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. MECHANISMS OF HEAVY METAL STRESS AND TOLERANCE -- 3. GENOTOXICITY OF LEAD IN LIVING ORGANISMS -- 3.1 GENOTOXIC EFFECT OF LEAD ON CROP PLANTS -- 3.2 GENOTOXIC EFFECT OF LEAD ON HUMANS -- 4. RAPID ASSESSMENT OF LEAD DAMAGE ON DNA -- 5. STIMULATING AND INTERACTIVE EFFECTS OF LEAD ON CROP PLANTS AND MICROORGANISMS AND ITS POSSIBLE TOLERANCE BY THE MICROORGANISMS -- 6. IMPROVEMENT OF CROP PRODUCTION UNDER LEAD-POLLUTED AGRICULTURAL SOILS -- 7. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PROSPECTS -- Acknowledgement -- REFERENCES -- 4 - RESISTANCE OF PLANTS TO CU STRESS: TRANSGENESIS -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. COPPER AS AN ESSENTIAL ELEMENT -- 3. TOXIC EFFECTS OF HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF COPPER -- 3.1 PLANT GROWTH UNDER CU STRESS -- 3.2 DISTURBANCE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS -- 3.3 CHANGE IN THE REDOX STATE OF CELLS -- 4. MAINTENANCE OF INTRACELLULAR CU HOMEOSTASIS -- 4.1 MAIN COMPONENTS MAINTAINING INTRACELLULAR HOMEOSTASIS OF COPPER -- 4.1.1 Metal Translocation -- 4.1.2 Binding of Cu in Plants -- 4.1.3 Complexation with Chelating Agents -- 4.1.4 Sequestration in Cell Organelles (Vacuole) and Organs (Roots) -- 5. CONSTRUCTION OF TRANSGENIC PLANTS RESISTANT TO HEAVY METALS -- 5.1 TRANSGENIC PLANTS EXPRESSING METALLOTRANSPORTER GENES -- 5.2 EXPRESSION OF PHYTOCHELATIN GENES -- 5.3 TRANSGENIC PLANTS OVEREXPRESSING ANTIOXIDATIVE GENES -- 6. EXPRESSION GENES OF COMPATIBLE OSMOLYTES -- 6.1 PROLINE'S ROLE IN PLANT RESISTANCE -- 6.2 SOLUBLE SUGARS AND PLANT RESISTANCE -- 7. TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS -- 7.1 MYB FACTORS IN PLANTS -- 7.2 PROTEIN OSMYB4 -- 8. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PROSPECTS. , REFERENCES -- 5 - BORON TOXICITY AND TOLERANCE IN PLANTS: RECENT ADVANCES AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1 BORON CHEMISTRY -- 1.2 BORON: SOURCE AND DISTRIBUTION -- 1.3 BORON IN SOILS -- 2. BORON IN PLANTS -- 2.1 BORON IN THE CELL WALL AND MEMBRANES -- 2.2 BORON AS SIGNAL -- 2.3 BORON UPTAKE BY ROOTS: PASSIVE AND ACTIVE MECHANISMS -- 2.3.1 Facilitated B Transport System: The Role of Aquaporin-like Channels -- 2.3.2 Boron Transporters -- 2.4 BORON MOVEMENT IN PLANTS -- 3. BORON TOXICITY IN PLANTS: CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES -- 3.1 SYMPTOMS OF B TOXICITY -- 3.2 EFFECTS OF BORON EXCESS IN PLANTS -- 3.2.1 Boron and Root System -- 3.2.2 Boron and Photosynthesis Process -- 3.2.3 Boron and Antioxidant Pathways -- 3.2.4 Boron and Nitrogen Metabolism -- 3.2.5 Boron and Carbohydrate Metabolism -- 4. BORON TOLERANCE -- 4.1 EARLY CONSIDERATIONS -- 4.2 TOLERANCE MECHANISMS REVISITED -- 4.3 GENETIC VARIATION FOR B SENSITIVITY/TOLERANCE IN PLANTS -- 4.4 QTL AND ISOLATING GENES INVOLVED IN B TOLERANCE -- 5. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PROSPECTS -- Acknowledgements -- REFERENCES -- 6 - CHROMIUM AND THE PLANT: A DANGEROUS AFFAIR? -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. CHROMIUM IN THE ENVIRONMENT -- 3. SPECIATION AND AVAILABILITY OF CR(VI) AND CR(III) TO PLANTS -- 4. ABILITY OF PLANTS TO COPE WITH CR TOXICITY -- 5. INTERACTION OF PLANTS WITH CR(VI) AND CR(III): WHAT'S NEW? -- 6. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS -- Acknowledgements -- REFERENCES -- 7 - SELENIUM: AN ANTIOXIDATIVE PROTECTANT IN PLANTS UNDER STRESS -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. SELENIUM IN THE ENVIRONMENT -- 3. SELENIUM UPTAKE BY PLANTS -- 4. ROLE OF SELENIUM IN PLANTS -- 4.1 GROWTH AND DRY MATTER PRODUCTION -- 4.2 SEED GERMINATION -- 4.3 DELAY IN SENESCENCE -- 4.4 ENHANCED YIELD -- 4.5 PHOTOSYNTHESIS -- 4.6 RESPIRATORY POTENTIAL -- 4.7 METABOLITE ACCUMULATION. , 4.8 DEFENSE AGAINST FUNGAL PATHOGENS AND HERBIVORE ATTACK -- 4.9 PROTECTION AGAINST OXIDATIVE STRESS -- 5. EFFECT OF SELENIUM ON THE ANTIOXIDATIVE DEFENSE SYSTEM -- 6. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PROSPECTS -- REFERENCES -- 8 - BRASSINOSTEROIDS ARE POTENTIAL AMELIORATORS OF HEAVY METAL STRESSES IN PLANTS -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. ABIOTIC STRESSES -- 3. HEAVY METAL STRESS -- 3.1 BRS AND LEAD TOXICITY -- 3.2 BRS AND COPPER TOXICITY -- 3.3 BRS AND CHROMIUM TOXICITY -- 3.4 BRS AND BORON TOXICITY -- 3.5 BRS AND ZINC TOXICITY -- 3.6 BRS AND CADMIUM TOXICITY -- 3.7 BRS AND ALUMINUM TOXICITY -- 3.8 BRS AND NICKEL TOXICITY -- 3.9 BRS AND ARSENIC TOXICITY -- 3.10 BRS AND MANGANESE TOXICITY -- 3.11 BRS AND COBALT TOXICITY -- 3.12 BRS AND MERCURY TOXICITY -- 4. COAPPLICATION OF BRS AND OTHER COMPOUNDS UNDER HEAVY METAL STRESS -- 5. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PROSPECTS -- REFERENCES -- 9 - PLANT METALLOTHIONEINS: CLASSIFICATION, DISTRIBUTION, FUNCTION, AND REGULATION -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. PHYTOCHELATINS -- 2.1 BIOSYNTHESIS OF PCS -- 2.2 THE OCCURRENCE OF ISO-PHYTOCHELATINS -- 3. METALLOTHIONEINS -- 4. STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF MTS -- 5. CLASSIFICATION OF MTS -- 6. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION AND CELLULAR LOCALIZATION -- 7. FUNCTIONS OF MTS -- 7.1 METAL DETOXICATION AND HOMEOSTASIS -- 7.2 REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES SCAVENGING -- 7.3 PLANT GROWTH REGULATOR AND BIOMARKER FOR TRACE METALS -- 8. TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION OF MTS -- 9. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PROSPECTS -- Acknowledgements -- REFERENCES -- 10 - RESPONSES OF PHYTOCHELATINS AND METALLOTHIONEINS IN ALLEVIATION OF HEAVY METAL STRESS IN PLANTS: AN OVERVIEW -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. PHYTOCHELATINS -- 2.1 STRUCTURE AND BIOSYNTHESIS -- 2.2 METAL TOLERANCE STRATEGIES VIA PHYTOCHELATINS -- 2.3 GENES FOR PHYTOCHELATINS/PCS: THEIR INDUCTION AND ROLE IN PLANTS -- 3. METALLOTHIONEINS -- 3.1 CLASSIFICATION AND BIOSYNTHESIS. , 3.2 METAL TOLERANCE REGULATION VIA MTS -- 4. TRANSGENIC AND MOLECULAR PROSPECTS OF PHYTOCHELATIN- AND MT-INDUCED METAL TOLERANCE IN PLANTS -- 5. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PROSPECTS -- REFERENCES -- 11 - GLUTATHIONE AND PHYTOCHELATINS MEDIATED REDOX HOMEOSTASIS AND STRESS SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION IN PLANTS: AN INTEGRA ... -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. ASSESSMENTS OF METAL-INDUCED PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL AMENDMENTS IN HIGHER PLANTS -- 3. GSH STRUCTURE, BIOSYNTHESIS, AND FUNCTION -- 4. PC STRUCTURE, BIOSYNTHESIS, AND FUNCTION -- 5. GSH- AND PC-ASSOCIATED STRESS TOLERANCE MECHANISMS IN HIGHER PLANTS -- 6. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PROSPECTS -- Acknowledgements -- REFERENCES -- FURTHER READING -- 12 - BIOLOGICAL REMEDIATION OF MERCURY-POLLUTED ENVIRONMENTS -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF MERCURY CONTAMINATION IN SOIL: MERCURY DISTRIBUTION AND POTENTIAL BIOAVAILABILITY IN SOIL -- 3. SOIL MICROORGANISMS: ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS TOOLS -- 4. MICROORGANISMS IN MERCURY-POLLUTED SOILS -- 5. STRATEGIES OF MICROORGANISMS AGAINST MERCURY -- 5.1 MOBILIZATION PROCESSES -- 5.2 IMMOBILIZATION PROCESSES -- 6. SHORT SURVEY OF MERCURY IMPACT ON SOIL-BOUND ZOOCENOSES AND HIGHER PLANTS -- 7. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS -- Acknowledgements -- REFERENCES -- 13 - DETOXIFICATION AND TOLERANCE OF HEAVY METALS IN PLANTS -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1 CHELATION OF HEAVY METALS -- 1.2 SOURCES OF HEAVY METALS -- 1.3 BIOACTIVATION OF HEAVY METALS -- 2. HEAVY METAL HYPERACCUMULATION IN PLANTS -- 3. MAJOR STEPS INVOLVED IN HYPERACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS -- 4. BIOCHEMICAL MECHANISM OF HEAVY METAL UPTAKE AND ACCUMULATION IN PLANTS -- 4.1 ARSENIC -- 4.2 CADMIUM -- 4.3 CHROMIUM -- 4.4 LEAD -- 4.5 MERCURY -- 4.6 MAJOR CONSEQUENCES OF ACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS -- 5. VARIOUS CELLULAR MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN HEAVY METAL TOLERANCE -- 5.1 ORGANIC ACIDS -- 5.2 ROOT REDUCTASES. , 5.3 PHYTOCHELATINS. , English

Additional Edition: ISBN 0-12-803158-1

Language: English