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  • 1
    UID:
    almafu_9958246570602883
    Format: 1 online resource (42 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: Like many other developing countries, South Asian nations have been experiencing increased foreign direct investment inflows over the past decade as developing countries get a larger share of cross-border investments that were once sent to developed countries. Nonetheless, South Asia's inflows of foreign direct investment remain the lowest relative to gross domestic product among developing country regions. Why are South Asia's foreign direct investment inflows so low and what lessons can be drawn for developing countries as a whole? The analysis in this paper uses a novel empirical model that accounts for possible trends in convergence in the ratio of foreign direct investment to gross domestic product between countries and cross-sectional data for 78 countries from 2000 to 2011. The sample contains 52 developing countries. The analysis finds that two key factors are at work-high overall regulatory restrictions on foreign direct investment and specific restrictions placed on doing business with other countries. These factors include overall trade restrictiveness, which reduces the benefits to cross-border investments, and weak institutions to protect foreign investors and facilitate investment. Nonetheless, the potential for faster growth in intra- and inter-regional foreign direct investment flows is significant. The main factors leading to this conclusion are South Asia's current low levels of foreign direct investment, the many unexploited opportunities for embodied knowledge transfer, and supply-chain linkages. The overall lessons for developing countries are that liberalizing policy constraints in both trade and foreign investment, keeping corporate tax rates modest, and improving governance and transparency could help to substantially improve foreign direct investment flows.
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 2
    UID:
    almahu_9949226623102882
    Format: 1 online resource (345 pages)
    ISBN: 9781464811586 (e-book)
    Additional Edition: Print version: Gould, David Michael. Critical connections : promoting economic growth and resilience in Europe and Central Asia. Washington, DC : The World Bank, c2018 ISBN 9781464811579
    Language: English
    Keywords: Electronic books.
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 3
    UID:
    almafu_9958955384902883
    Format: 1 online resource (41 pages)
    Series Statement: Policy research working papers.
    Content: International connections through trade, foreign direct investment, migration, the Internet, and other channels are critical for the transmission of knowledge and growth and form macroeconomic linkages. But how much knowledge is transmitted to a country is not only the result of the overall level of connectivity, but also to whom a country is connected, as well as how these connections complement each other. For example, being well-connected to an economy with wide-reaching global connections is likely to be a stronger conduit for knowledge transfers than being connected to an isolated economy. Likewise, connections are likely to complement each other. For example, ecommerce is often seen as a benefit of Internet connectivity, but without transport connectivity, ecommerce may not amount to much. This wider definition of connectivity, referred to as multidimensional connectivity, is broadened and explored in this study as it applies to Europe and Central Asia. Focusing on countries from the Europe and Central Asia region, the paper shows that multidimensional connectivity is an economically and statistically important determinant of future economic growth. The paper further discusses the potential risks and transfer of shocks that can result from cross-country economic connectivity. Furthermore, it provides some examples of how policy tools can be designed to leverage the benefits of connectivity channels and mitigate their risks.
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 4
    UID:
    almahu_9949191460902882
    Format: 1 online resource (292 pages)
    ISBN: 9781464809682
    Series Statement: Europe and Central Asia Studies
    Content: During the 1990s, Emerging Europe and Central Asia (ECA) opted for a model of rapid financial development focused on bank credit expansion often funded by foreign capital. This model helped boost the financial inclusion of firms and households, but was also accompanied by lower financial efficiency and increased vulnerability to banking crises. The need for financial sector reforms has become more urgent as stagnating income growth, particularly of middle- to lower-income earners, is leading to increased dissatisfaction with the status quo of low productivity growth and limited access to opportunities. This demand for change can be the impetus for rebalancing financial policies to support higher and more inclusive growth. A healthy and balanced financial sector is needed to support structural adjustment in the oil dependent economies of the eastern side ECA and greater innovation in the countries of the western part of ECA. This report argues that financial development must reach beyond increasing access to credit. ECA countries should strive to build balanced financial systems integrating both bank and non-bank markets, enabling prudent financial inclusion. Most importantly, ECA falls significantly behind other world regions in the use of saving products. Striking the right balance across all dimensions of financial development (stability, efficiency, inclusion, and overall depth) is crucial for achieving and sustaining inclusive growth.
    Additional Edition: Print Version: ISBN 9781464809675
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 5
    UID:
    almafu_BV001017285
    Format: XVI, 183 S.
    ISBN: 0-08-025084-X
    Series Statement: Pergamon policy studies.
    Language: English
    Subjects: Economics , Political Science
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Keywords: Korruption
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    San Diego, CA :Academic Press,
    UID:
    almahu_9949698025902882
    Format: 1 online resource (529 pages)
    Edition: 1st edition
    ISBN: 1-281-07814-X , 9786611078140 , 0-12-374641-8 , 0-08-050237-7
    Series Statement: Morgan Kaufmann series in computer graphics and geometric modeling
    Content: Learning Maya, the world's leading 3D animation and effects package, is a challenge, especially for those who want to master Maya's versatile programming features in addition to its built-in tools. Finally, here is a practical, step-by-step guide that shows how to use Maya to its fullest potential, beginning with the basics. Readers of Complete Maya Programming will first gain a thorough understanding of Maya's inner workings, and then learn how to customize and extend Maya with scripts and plugins that take control and productivity to new levels.
    Note: Front Cover; Complete Maya Programmin: An Extensive Guide to MEL and the C++ API; Copyright Page; CONTENTS; Preface; Source Files; CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION; 1.1 Maya's Programmability; 1.2 Programming Interfaces; CHAPTER 2. FUNDAMENTAL MAYA CONCEPTS; 2.1 Maya Architecture; 2.2 The Dependency Graph; CHAPTER 3. MEL; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 The MEL Programming Language; 3.3 Scripting; 3.4 Objects; 3.5 Animation; 3.6 Graphical User Interfaces; 3.7 Expressions; CHAPTER 4. C++ API; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Fundamental Concepts; 4.3 Developing Plugins; 4.4 Commands; 4.5 Nodes; 4.6 Locators , 4.7 Manipulators; 4.8 Deformers; 4.9 Advanced C++ API; APPENDIX A. ADDITIONAL RESOURCES; APPENDIX B. MEL FOR C PROGRAMMERS; APPENDIX C. FURTHER READING; Glossary; Index; About the Author , English
    Additional Edition: ISBN 1-55860-835-4
    Language: English
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    San Francisco, CA :Morgan Kaufmann Pub.,
    UID:
    almahu_9948026506102882
    Format: 1 online resource (737 p.)
    ISBN: 1-281-05377-5 , 9786611053772 , 0-08-052957-7
    Series Statement: Morgan Kaufmann series in computer graphics and geometric modeling
    Content: David Gould's acclaimed first book, Complete Maya Programming: An Extensive Guide to MEL and the C++ API, provides artists and programmers with a deep understanding of the way Maya works and how it can be enhanced and customized through programming. In his new book David offers a gentle, intuitive introduction to the core ideas of computer graphics. Each concept is explained progressively and is fully implemented in both MEL and C++ so that an artist or programmer can use the source code directly in their own programs. Geometry and modeling are covered in detail with progressive
    Note: Description based upon print version of record. , Front Cover; Complete Maya Programming: An In-depth Guide to 3D Fundamentals, Geometry, and Modeling; Copyright Page; Contents; Preface; Chapter 1. Introduction; 1.1 Example Files; 1.2 Executing MEL Code in the Script Editor; Chapter 2. Points; 2.1 Dimensions; 2.2 Cartesian Coordinates; 2.3 Homogeneous Coordinates; 2.4 Polar and Spherical Coordinates; 2.5 Conversions; 2.6 MEL; 2.7 C++ API; 2.8 Locators; Chapter 3. Vectors; 3.1 MEL; 3.2 C++ API; 3.3 Adding; 3.4 Subtracting; 3.5 Scaling; 3.6 Length; 3.7 Distance Between Points; 3.8 Normalizing Vectors; 3.9 Dot Product; 3.10 Cross Product , 3.11 Points Versus VectorsChapter 4.Rotations; 4.1 Angles; 4.2 Rotations; 4.3 Orientation Representations; Chapter 5. Transformations; 5.1 Matrices; 5.2 Transforming Points; 5.3 Transforming Vectors; 5.4 Transforming Normals; Chapter 6. Transform Nodes; 6.1 Pivot Points; 6.2 Transformation Matrices; 6.3 Hierarchies of Transformations; Chapter 7. Coordinate Frames; 7.1 Up Axis; 7.2 Handedness; 7.3 Custom Coordinate Frames; Chapter 8. Polygonal Meshes; 8.1 Displaying Meshes; 8.2 Querying Meshes; 8.3 Creating Meshes; 8.4 Editing Meshes; Chapter 9. NURBS; 9.1 Concepts; 9.2 NURBS Curves , 9.3 NURBS SurfacesChapter I0. Subdivision Surfaces; 10.1 Concepts; 10.2 Displaying Subdivision Surfaces; 10.3 Querying Subdivision Surfaces; 10.4 Creating and Converting Subdivision Surfaces; 10.5 Editing Subdivision Surfaces; Chapter 11. Contexts (Tools); 11.1 SelectRingContextl Plug-in; 11.2 SelectRingContext2 Plug-in; 11.3 SelectVolumeContextl Plug-in; A. Further Learning; A.1 Online Resources; A.2 Maya Application; B. Further Reading; B.1 Mathematics; B.2 Programming; B.3 Computer Graphics; Glossary; Index , English
    Additional Edition: ISBN 0-12-088482-8
    Language: English
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    New York, NY :Springer New York :
    UID:
    almahu_9949251259102882
    Format: 1 online resource (XI, 277 p. 43 illus., 25 illus. in color.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2017.
    ISBN: 1-4939-7223-5
    Series Statement: Methods in Molecular Biology, 1651
    Content: This volume details methods that will aid in the selection of promoter sequences and vector components and methods for the assembly and testing of synthetic promoters with examples of their application. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Mammalian Synthetic Promoters: Methods and Protocols aims to aid researchers that are new to the field of synthetic promoters and inspire new developments.
    Note: Initial Considerations before Designing a Promoter Construct -- Demonstrating Interactions of Transcription Factors with DNA by Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay -- Chromatin Immunoprecipitation and Quantitative Real-time PCR to Assess Binding of a Protein of Interest to Identified Predicted Binding Sites within a Promoter -- Secreted Reporters for Monitoring Multiple Promoter Function -- Bioluminescence Monitoring Of Promoter Activity In Vitro and In Vivo -- Monitoring Promoter Activity by Flow Cytometry -- Functional Screening of Core Promoter Activity -- Bioinformatically Informed Design of Synthetic Mammalian Promoters -- Synthetic Tumor Specific Promoters for Transcriptional Regulation of Viral Replication -- Constructing Strong Cell-Type-Specific Promoters through Informed Design -- PCR Assembly of Synthetic Promoters -- The Tetracycline Responsive System -- Light-responsive Promoters -- A Simple Method for Constructing Artificial Promoters Activated in Response to Ultrasound Stimulation -- Promoter Activation with Electromagnetism -- Application of Synthetic Tumor Specific Promoters Responsive to the Tumor Microenvironment -- A Modular Approach to Building Complex Synthetic Circuits -- Computational Sequence Design with R2oDNA Designer -- Design of Synthetic Promoters for Gene Circuits in Mammalian Cells. .
    Additional Edition: ISBN 1-4939-7221-9
    Language: English
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  • 9
    UID:
    gbv_503645346
    Format: XXV, 289 S. , graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 0821364456 , 9780821364444 , 0821364448
    Series Statement: Directions in development
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
    Additional Edition: ISBN 0821364456
    Language: English
    Keywords: Zentralamerika ; Freihandel ; Graue Literatur
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group, Europe and Central Asia Region, Office of the Chief Economist
    UID:
    gbv_1026813824
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 41 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8438
    Content: International connections through trade, foreign direct investment, migration, the Internet, and other channels are critical for the transmission of knowledge and growth and form macroeconomic linkages. But how much knowledge is transmitted to a country is not only the result of the overall level of connectivity, but also to whom a country is connected, as well as how these connections complement each other. For example, being well-connected to an economy with wide-reaching global connections is likely to be a stronger conduit for knowledge transfers than being connected to an isolated economy. Likewise, connections are likely to complement each other. For example, ecommerce is often seen as a benefit of Internet connectivity, but without transport connectivity, ecommerce may not amount to much. This wider definition of connectivity, referred to as multidimensional connectivity, is broadened and explored in this study as it applies to Europe and Central Asia. Focusing on countries from the Europe and Central Asia region, the paper shows that multidimensional connectivity is an economically and statistically important determinant of future economic growth. The paper further discusses the potential risks and transfer of shocks that can result from cross-country economic connectivity. Furthermore, it provides some examples of how policy tools can be designed to leverage the benefits of connectivity channels and mitigate their risks
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Gould, David Multidimensional Connectivity: Benefits, Risks, and Policy Implications for Europe and Central Asia Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2018
    Language: English
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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