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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Trade protection and industry wage structure in Poland (2005)
    Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049075072
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg Also available in print
    Series Statement: NBER working paper series working paper 11143
    Content: "This study examines the impact of Poland's trade liberalization 1994-2001 on the industry wage structure. The liberalization was undertaken in preparation for Poland's accession to the European Union and was more pronounced in industries with larger shares of unskilled labor. Our analysis indicates that a decrease in an industry tariff was associated with higher wages being earned by workers employed in the industry, controlling for worker characteristics and geographic variables. The result is robust to including year and industry fixed effects, controlling for industry-level exports, imports, concentration, stock of foreign direct investment and capital accumulation. The finding is consistent with liberalization increasing competitive pressures, forcing firms to restructure and improve their productivity, which in turn translates into higher profits being shared with workers. It could also be potentially attributed to trade liberalization lowering the costs of imported inputs which enhances firm profitability. The result holds when skilled workers are excluded from the sample, thus suggesting that reductions in trade barriers benefited the unskilled in terms of an increase in wages"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 3/9/2005
    Additional Edition: Goh, Chor-ching Trade protection and industry wage structure in Poland
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Stabi Berlin
    HWR Berlin
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    TH Brandenburg
    HTW Berlin
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Market integration in China (2011)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048265068
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (28 p)
    Content: Over the last three decades, China's product, labor, and capital markets have become gradually more integrated within its borders, although integration has been significantly slower for capital markets. There remains a significant urban-rural divide, and Chinese cities tend to be under-sized by international standards. China has also integrated globally, initially through the Special Economic Zones on the coast as launching grounds to connect with world markets, and subsequently through the accession to the World Trade Organization. For future policy considerations, this paper argues that its economic production needs to be spatially concentrated, and its social services need to be spread out to the interior to ensure harmonious development and domestic integration (through inclusive rural-urban transformations and effective territorial development)
    Additional Edition: Chen, Qingqing Market integration in China
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-5630
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Stabi Berlin
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Estimating individual vulnerability to poverty with pseudo-panel data (2004)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049075248
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3375
    Content: "Bourguignon, Goh, and Kim present an original method to study individual earning dynamics using repeated cross-sectional data. Because panel data of individuals are seldom available in developing countries, it is difficult to study individual earning dynamics and related issues such as the propensity of earners to fall into poverty or vulnerability to poverty because of changes in earnings. The authors show that under the assumption that individual earning dynamics obey some basic properties and follow a simple stochastic process, the main parameters of this process can be recovered from repeated cross-sectional data. The knowledge of these parameters then permits simulation of the earning dynamics of an individual, and estimate other measures of interest, such as an individual's vulnerability to poverty. The results show that model parameters recovered from pseudo panels approximate reasonably well those estimated directly from a true panel. Moreover, implications of the model, in this case pseudo-panel measures of vulnerability to poverty, reflect closely those based on actual panel data. This paper--a product of the Office of the Vice President and Chief Economist, Development Economics--is part of a larger effort in the vice presidency to improve measurement of vulnerability to poverty"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/9/2004
    Additional Edition: Bourguignon, François Estimating individual vulnerability to poverty with pseudo-panel data
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext
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    Online Resource
    Online Access
    HWR Berlin
    EUV Frankfurt
    TH Brandenburg
    HTW Berlin
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Estimating individual vulnerability to poverty with pseudo-panel data (2004)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_72421268X
    Format: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3375
    Content: "Bourguignon, Goh, and Kim present an original method to study individual earning dynamics using repeated cross-sectional data. Because panel data of individuals are seldom available in developing countries, it is difficult to study individual earning dynamics and related issues such as the propensity of earners to fall into poverty or vulnerability to poverty because of changes in earnings. The authors show that under the assumption that individual earning dynamics obey some basic properties and follow a simple stochastic process, the main parameters of this process can be recovered from repeated cross-sectional data. The knowledge of these parameters then permits simulation of the earning dynamics of an individual, and estimate other measures of interest, such as an individual's vulnerability to poverty. The results show that model parameters recovered from pseudo panels approximate reasonably well those estimated directly from a true panel. Moreover, implications of the model, in this case pseudo-panel measures of vulnerability to poverty, reflect closely those based on actual panel data. This paper--a product of the Office of the Vice President and Chief Economist, Development Economics--is part of a larger effort in the vice presidency to improve measurement of vulnerability to poverty"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/9/2004 , Also available in print.
    Additional Edition: Bourguignon, François Estimating individual vulnerability to poverty with pseudo-panel data
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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    Online Resource
    Online Access
    Stabi Berlin
    UB Potsdam
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 5
    Book
    Book
    Trade protection and industry wage structure in Poland (2005)
    Cambridge, Mass. : National Bureau of Economic Research
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV023591343
    Format: 39 S. , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: National Bureau of Economic Research 〈Cambridge, Mass.〉: NBER working paper series 11143
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 6
    Book
    Book
    Trade protection and industry wage structure in Poland (2005)
    London : Centre for Economic Policy Research
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV023560686
    Format: 38 S. , graph. Darst., Kt. , 22 cm
    Series Statement: Discussion paper series / Centre for Economic Policy Research 4929 : International trade
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe
    Language: English
    Subjects: Economics
    RVK:
    QB 910
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  • 7
    Book
    Book
    Estimating individual vulnerability to poverty with pseudo-panel data (2004)
    Washington, DC : World Bank, Off. of the Vice President and Chief Economist, Development Economics
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_394393244
    Format: 17 S , graph. Darst
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3375
    Note: Internetausg.: http://econ.worldbank.org/files/37861_wps3375.pdf
    Language: English
    Keywords: Graue Literatur ; Arbeitspapier
    Author information: Bourguignon, François 1945-
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Scale Economies and Cities (2010)
    [s.l.] : World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1017847371
    Format: Online-Ressource
    Content: This paper summarizes the policy-relevant insights of a generation of research on scale economies. Scale economies in production are of three types: internal economies associated with large plants, localization economies that come from sharing of inputs and infrastructure and from greater competition among firms, and urbanization economies that are generated through diversity and knowledge spillovers. The benefits (and costs) of localization and urbanization are together called “external (dis) economies” because they arise due to factors outside any single household, farm or firm. The empirical literature yields some stylized facts. Internal scale economies are low in light industries and high in heavy industries. External scale economies are amplified by economic density and dissipate with distance from places where economic activity is concentrated. Scale economies are most visibly manifest in towns and cities. To simplify somewhat, towns allow firms and farms to exploit internal scale economies, medium-sized cities help firms in an industry exploit localization economies, and large cities and metropolises provide urbanization economies to those who locate within or nearby. Scale economies have implications for policy makers. The first is that because urban settlements rise and thrive because market agents demand their services, they should be seen as creatures of the market, not creations of the state. The second is that because settlements of different sizes provide differing services, towns, cities, and metropolises are more often complements for one another, not substitutes. Third, as a corollary, policymakers should aim to improve the functioning of urban settlements, and not become preoccupied with their size.
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    Stabi Berlin
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Texture and Tractability : The Framework for Spatial Policy Analysis in the World Development Report 2009 (2011)
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1017857229
    Format: Online-Ressource
    Content: Development is accompanied by significant spatial transformations--changes in the distribution of people and economic activities. The World Development Report 2009 Reshaping Economic Geography draws lessons from history and academic research to develop a concise framework for understanding these dynamics. This framework makes rigorous spatial policy analysis tractable. But it has been criticize--mostly by geographer--for ignoring the "importance of place." This paper explains why it is necessary to draw out common patterns in the development experience of different countries even if this requires generalization and simplification. Recent applications at the urban, national, and regional level demonstrate how the framework accommodates contextual and place specific information to ensure the relevance of applied policy analysis.
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    Stabi Berlin
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluating Job Training in Two Chinese Cities (2009)
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1017855676
    Format: Online-Ressource
    Content: Recent years have seen a surge in work on the impacts of active labor market programs for numerous countries. However, little evidence has been presented on the effectiveness of such programs in China. Recent economic reforms, associated with massive lay-offs, and the accompanying public retraining programs make China fertile ground for rigorous impact evaluations. This study uses survey data from the two large industrial cities Shenyang and Wuhan, covering the period 1998 to 2000, to evaluate retraining programs for over 2,000 workers two years after they had been observed as displaced and unemployed. Using a comparison group design, this study is, to our knowledge, the first evaluation of its kind in China. The evidence suggests that retraining helped workers find jobs in Wuhan, but had little effect in Shenyang. The study raises questions about the overall effectiveness of retraining expenditures, and it offers some directions for policy-makers about future interventions to help laid-off workers.
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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    Stabi Berlin
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