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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Complex World of Emaraviruses—Challenges, Insights, and Prospects (2022)
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Details
    UID:
    edochu_18452_26523
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (39 Seiten)
    Content: Emaravirus (Order Bunyavirales; Family Fimoviridae) is a genus comprising over 20 emerging plant viruses with a worldwide distribution and economic impact. Emaraviruses infect a variety of host plants and have especially become prevalent in important long-living woody plants. These viruses are enveloped, with a segmented, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA genome and are transmitted by eriophyid mites or mechanical transmission. Emaraviruses have four core genome segments encoding an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, a glycoprotein precursor, a nucleocapsid protein, and a movement protein. They also have additional genome segments, whose number varies widely. We report here that the proteins encoded by these segments form three main homology groups: a homolog of the sadwavirus Glu2 Pro glutamic protease; a protein involved in pathogenicity, which we named “ABC”; and a protein of unknown function, which we named “P55”. The distribution of these proteins parallels the emaravirus phylogeny and suggests, with other analyses, that emaraviruses should be split into at least two genera. Reliable diagnosis systems are urgently needed to detect emaraviruses, assess their economic and ecological importance, and take appropriate measures to prevent their spread (such as routine testing, hygiene measures, and control of mite vectors). Additional research needs include understanding the function of emaravirus proteins, breeding resistant plants, and clarifying transmission modes.
    Content: Peer Reviewed
    In: Basel : MDPI, 13,11
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.3390/f13111868
    DOI: 10.18452/25848
    URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-110-18452/26523-0
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Orthoparamyxovirinae C Proteins Have a Common Origin and a Common Structural Organization (2023)
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Details
    UID:
    edochu_18452_27138
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (26 Seiten)
    Content: The protein C is a small viral protein encoded in an overlapping frame of the P gene in the subfamily Orthoparamyxovirinae. This protein, expressed by alternative translation initiation, is a virulence factor that regulates viral transcription, replication, and production of defective interfering RNA, interferes with the host-cell innate immunity systems and supports the assembly of viral particles and budding. We expressed and purified full-length and an N-terminally truncated C protein from Tupaia paramyxovirus (TupV) C protein (genus Narmovirus). We solved the crystal structure of the C-terminal part of TupV C protein at a resolution of 2.4 Å and found that it is structurally similar to Sendai virus C protein, suggesting that despite undetectable sequence conservation, these proteins are homologous. We characterized both truncated and full-length proteins by SEC-MALLS and SEC-SAXS and described their solution structures by ensemble models. We established a mini-replicon assay for the related Nipah virus (NiV) and showed that TupV C inhibited the expression of NiV minigenome in a concentration-dependent manner as efficiently as the NiV C protein. A previous study found that the Orthoparamyxovirinae C proteins form two clusters without detectable sequence similarity, raising the question of whether they were homologous or instead had originated independently. Since TupV C and SeV C are representatives of these two clusters, our discovery that they have a similar structure indicates that all Orthoparamyxovirine C proteins are homologous. Our results also imply that, strikingly, a STAT1-binding site is encoded by exactly the same RNA region of the P/C gene across Paramyxovirinae, but in different reading frames (P or C), depending on which cluster they belong to.
    Content: Peer Reviewed
    In: Basel : MDPI, 13,3
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.3390/biom13030455
    DOI: 10.18452/26460
    URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-110-18452/27138-8
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    A novel emaravirus comprising five RNA segments is associated with ringspot disease in oak (2021)
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Details
    UID:
    edochu_18452_27382
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (4 Seiten)
    ISSN: 0304-8608 , 0304-8608
    Content: We report the complete nucleotide sequence of the genome of a novel virus in ringspot-diseased common oak (Quercus robur L.). The newly identified pathogen is associated with leaf symptoms such as mottle, chlorotic spots and ringspots on diseased trees. High-throughput sequencing (HTS, Illumina RNASeq) was used to explore the virome of a ringspot-diseased oak that had chlorotic ringspots of suspected viral origin on leaves for several years. Bioinformatic analysis of the HTS dataset followed by RT-PCR enabled us to determine complete sequences of four RNA genome segments of a novel virus. These sequences showed high similarity to members of the genus Emaravirus, which includes segmented negative-stranded RNA viruses of economic importance. To verify the ends of each RNA, we conducted rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). We identified an additional genome segment (RNA 5) by RT-PCR using a genus-specific primer (PDAP213) to the conserved 3´ and 5´termini in order to amplify full-length genome segments. RNA 5 encodes a 21-kDa protein that is homologous to the silencing suppressor P8 of High Plains wheat mosaic virus. The five viral RNAs were consistently detected by RT-PCR in ringspot-diseased oaks in Germany, Sweden, and Norway. We conclude that the virus represents a new member of the genus Emaravirus affecting oaks in Germany and in Scandinavia, and we propose the name “common oak ringspot-associated emaravirus” (CORaV).
    Content: Peer Reviewed
    In: New York, NY : Springer, 166,3, Seiten 987-990, 0304-8608
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-04955-w
    DOI: 10.18452/26693
    URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-110-18452/27382-3
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The complex world of emaraviruses : challenges, insights, and prospects (2023)
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048577407
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Edition: [Zweitveröffentlichung]
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.18452/25848
    URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-110-18452/26523-0
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Characterisation of a novel Emaravirus identified in mosaic‐diseased Eurasian aspen (Populus tremula) (2020)
    Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Details
    UID:
    edochu_18452_22045
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (13 Seiten)
    Content: Since Emaraviruses have been discovered in 2007 several new species were detected in a range of host plants. Five genome segments of a novel Emaravirus from mosaic‐diseased Eurasian aspen (Populus tremula) have been completely determined. The monocistronic, segmented ssRNA genome of the virus shows a genome organisation typical for Emaraviruses encoding the viral RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP, 268.2 kDa) on RNA1 (7.1 kb), a glycoprotein precursor (GPP, 73.5 kDa) on RNA2 (2.3 kb), the viral nucleocapsid protein (N, 35.6 kDa) on RNA3 (1.6 kb), and a putative movement protein (MP, 41.0 kDa) on RNA4 (1.6 kb). The fifth identified genome segment (RNA5, 1.3 kb) encodes a protein of unknown function (P28, 28.1 kDa). We discovered that it is distantly related to proteins encoded by Emaraviruses, such as P4 of European mountain ash ringspot‐associated virus. All proteins from this group contain a central hydrophobic region with a conserved secondary structure and a hydrophobic amino acid stretch, bordered by two highly conserved positions, thus clearly representing a new group of homologues of Emaraviruses. The virus identified in Eurasian aspen is closely associated with observed leaf symptoms, such as mottle, yellow blotching, variegation and chloroses along veins. All five viral RNAs were regularly detectable by RT‐PCR in mosaic‐diseased P. tremula in Norway, Finland and Sweden (Fennoscandia). Observed symptoms and testing of mosaic‐diseased Eurasian aspen by virus‐specific RT‐PCR targeting RNA3 and RNA4 confirmed a wide geographic distribution of the virus in Fennoscandia. We could demonstrate that the mosaic‐disease is graft‐transmissible and confirmed that the virus is the causal agent by detection in symptomatic, graft‐inoculated seedlings used as rootstocks as well as in the virus‐infected scions used for graft‐inoculation. Owing to these characteristics, the virus represents a novel species within the genus Emaravirus and was tentatively denominated aspen mosaic‐associated virus.
    Content: Peer Reviewed
    In: Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell, 176,2, Seiten 210-222
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.18452/21304
    DOI: 10.1111/aab.12576
    URN: urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-110-18452/22045-3
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    HU Berlin
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