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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The fate of silver nanoparticles in riverbank filtration systems — The role of biological components and flow velocity
    Elsevier BV ; 2020
    In:  Science of The Total Environment Vol. 699 ( 2020-01), p. 134387-
    Details
    In: Science of The Total Environment, Elsevier BV, Vol. 699 ( 2020-01), p. 134387-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0048-9697
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134387
    RVK:
    AR 10100
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498726-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 121506-1
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Impact of freeze–thaw cycles on soil structure and soil hydraulic properties
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2021
    In:  SOIL Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2021-06-11), p. 179-191
    Details
    In: SOIL, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2021-06-11), p. 179-191
    Abstract: Abstract. The ploughing of soils in autumn drastically loosens the soil structure and, at the same time, reduces its stability against external stresses. A fragmentation of these artificially produced soil clods during wintertime is often observed in areas with air temperatures fluctuating around the freezing point. From the pore perspective, it is still unclear (i) under which conditions frost action has a measurable effect on soil structure, (ii) what the impact on soil hydraulic properties is, and (iii) how many freeze–thaw cycles (FTCs) are necessary to induce soil structure changes. The aim of this study was to analyse the cumulative effects of multiple FTC on soil structure and soil hydraulic properties for two different textures and two different initial structures. A silt clay with a substantial amount of swelling clay minerals and a silty loam with fewer swell/shrink dynamics were either kept intact in undisturbed soil cores taken from the topsoil from a grassland or repacked with soil clods taken from a ploughed field nearby. FTCs were simulated under controlled conditions and changes in pore structure ≥ 48 µm were regularly recorded using X-ray µCT. After 19 FTCs, the impact on hydraulic properties were measured, and the resolution of structural characteristics were enhanced towards narrow macropores with subsamples scanned at 10 µm. The impact of FTC on soil structure was dependent on the initial structure, soil texture, and the number of FTCs. Frost action induced a consolidation of repacked soil clods, resulting in a systematic reduction in pore sizes and macropore connectivity. In contrast, the macropore systems of the undisturbed soils were only slightly affected. Independent of the initial structure, a fragmentation of soil clods and macro-aggregates larger than 0.8 to 1.2 mm increased the connectivity of pores smaller than 0.5 to 0.8 mm. The fragmentation increased the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of all treatments by a factor of 3 in by a factor of 3 in a matrix potential range of −100 to −350 hPa, while water retention was only slightly affected for the silt clay soil. Already 2 to 5 FTCs enforced a well-connected pore system of narrow macropores in all treatments, but it was steadily improved by further FTCs. The implications of fewer FTCs during milder winters caused by global warming are twofold. In ploughed soils, the beneficial seedbed consolidation will be less intense. In grassland soils, which have reached a soil structure in dynamic equilibrium that has experienced many FTCs in the making, there is still a beneficial increase in water supply through increasing unsaturated hydraulic conductivity by continued FTCs that might also be less efficient in the future.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2199-398X
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/soil-7-179-2021
    DOI: 10.5194/soil-7-179-2021-supplement
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2834892-8
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Response of subsoil organic matter contents and physical properties to long‐term, high‐rate farmyard manure application
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  European Journal of Soil Science Vol. 73, No. 2 ( 2022-03)
    Details
    In: European Journal of Soil Science, Wiley, Vol. 73, No. 2 ( 2022-03)
    Abstract: Application of farmyard manure (FYM) is common practice to improve physical and chemical properties of arable soil and crop yields. However, studies on effects of FYM application mainly focussed on topsoils, whereas subsoils have rarely been addressed so far. We, therefore, investigated the effects of 36‐year FYM application with different rates of annual organic carbon (OC) addition (0, 469, 938 and 1875 g C m −2 a −1 ) on OC contents of a Chernozem in 0–30 cm (topsoil) and 35–45 cm (subsoil) depth. We also investigated its effects on soil structure and hydraulic properties in subsoil. X‐ray computed tomography was used to analyse the response of the subsoil macropore system (≥19 μm) and the distribution of particulate organic matter (POM) to different FYM applications, which were related to contents in total OC (TOC) and water‐extractable OC (WEOC). We show that FYM‐C application of 469 g C m −2 a −1 caused increases in TOC and WEOC contents only in the topsoil, whereas rates of ≥938 g C m −2 a −1 were necessary for TOC enrichment also in the subsoil. At this depth, the subdivision of TOC into different OC sources shows that most of the increase was due to fresh POM, likely by the stimulation of root growth and bioturbation. The increase in subsoil TOC went along with increases in macroporosity and macropore connectivity. We neither observed increases in plant‐available water capacity nor in unsaturated hydraulic conductivity. In conclusion, only very high application of FYM over long periods can increase OC content of subsoil at our study site, but this increase is largely based on fresh, easily degradable POM and likely accompanied by high C losses when considering the discrepancy between OC addition rate by FYM and TOC response in soil. Highlights A new image processing procedure to distinguish fresh and decomposed POM. The increase of subsoil C stock based to a large extend on fresh, labile POM. Potential of arable subsoils for long‐term C storage by large FYM application rates is limited. The increase in TOC has no effect on hydraulic properties of the subsoil.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1351-0754 , 1365-2389
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/ejss.v73.2
    DOI: 10.1111/ejss.13233
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 240830-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020243-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1191614-X
    SSG: 13
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Quantitative Analysis of Water Infiltration in Soil Cores Using X‐Ray
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  Vadose Zone Journal Vol. 17, No. 1 ( 2018-01), p. 1-7
    Details
    In: Vadose Zone Journal, Wiley, Vol. 17, No. 1 ( 2018-01), p. 1-7
    Abstract: Water can be quantitatively detected in soil with X‐ray radiography. We developed an easy calibration method to correct for beam hardening. We also eliminated drift of X‐ray attenuation values due to detector latency. X‐ray radiography is a suitable approach to study water dynamics in undisturbed soil. However, beam hardening impairs the deduction of soil moisture changes from X‐ray attenuation, especially when studying infiltration of water into cylindrical soil columns. We developed a calibration protocol to correct for beam hardening effects that enables the quantitative determination of changing average water content in two‐dimensional projections. The method works for a broad range of materials and is easy to implement. Moreover, we studied the drift of X‐ray attenuation values due to the detector latency and eliminated its contribution to the quantitative analysis. Finally we could visualize the dynamics of infiltrating water into undisturbed cylindrical soil samples.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1539-1663 , 1539-1663
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2136/vzj2016.12.0136
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2088189-7
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Evaporation Study for Real Soils Based on HYPROP Hydraulic Functions and Micro‐CT‐Measured Pore‐Size Distribution
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  Vadose Zone Journal Vol. 17, No. 1 ( 2018-01), p. 1-17
    Details
    In: Vadose Zone Journal, Wiley, Vol. 17, No. 1 ( 2018-01), p. 1-17
    Abstract: We studied Stage 1 and Stage 2 evaporation for real soils. For hydraulic functions, HYPROP data and for pore‐size distribution micro‐CT data were used. An IPE model describes for Stage 1 evaporation, desorption theory for Stage 2 evaporation We present an analytical solution of the 2D steady‐state diffusion equation. Evaporation—a key process for water exchange between soil and atmosphere—is controlled by convective and diffusive surface fluxes that determine the functional time dependence of the evaporation rate e ( t ). Recent studies demonstrated that only a pore‐scale surface flux model can capture the correct e ( t ) curve. These studies also showed that a realistic estimate of the hydraulically connected region (HCR) of the pore‐size distribution (PSD) is crucial for coupling surface flux to internal water flux. Since previous studies were often based on natural sands and glass beads, the main focus of our study was to test these conclusions for real soils. Therefore, we investigated the evaporation process within undisturbed soil columns of a sandy soil and loamy sand and measured the hydraulic functions via HYPROP experiments (a system to measure hydraulic properties using the evaporation method). Based on the isolated pore evaporation (IPE) model using a discretized form of the PSD, we developed a continuous IPE model and applied it to our experiments. Because the PSD plays a central role in the IPE model, we determined the PSD of the loamy sand soil via X‐ray microtomography (μCT) for pores 〉 19 μm. The consistency of the experimental data, i.e., (i) the retention curve for deriving the HCR of the pore size distribution, (ii) the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity for calculating the characteristic lengths of the evaporation process, and (iii) the high accuracy of the mass loss data strongly support the HYPROP method for this kind of complex evaporation experiment. The continuous IPE model describes the characteristic Stage 1 behavior well (functional form of the evaporation rate and length of Stage 1) for both soil types if a realistic HCR estimate is used that (i) is derived from a characteristic length analysis estimating the lower boundary of the HCR and (ii) the upper range of the HCR is based on the true PSD derived from μCT data.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1539-1663 , 1539-1663
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2136/vzj2018.02.0041
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2088189-7
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Structure and hydraulic properties in soils under long-term irrigation with treated wastewater
    Elsevier BV ; 2019
    In:  Geoderma Vol. 333 ( 2019-01), p. 90-98
    Details
    In: Geoderma, Elsevier BV, Vol. 333 ( 2019-01), p. 90-98
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0016-7061
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.07.015
    RVK:
    RA 2235.4
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 281080-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2001729-7
    SSG: 13
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Structure turnover times of grassland soils under different moisture regimes
    Elsevier BV ; 2023
    In:  Geoderma Vol. 433 ( 2023-05), p. 116464-
    Details
    In: Geoderma, Elsevier BV, Vol. 433 ( 2023-05), p. 116464-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0016-7061
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2023.116464
    RVK:
    RA 2235.4
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 281080-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2001729-7
    SSG: 13
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Soil water retention and hydraulic conductivity measured in a wide saturation range
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2023
    In:  Earth System Science Data Vol. 15, No. 10 ( 2023-10-06), p. 4417-4432
    Details
    In: Earth System Science Data, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 15, No. 10 ( 2023-10-06), p. 4417-4432
    Abstract: Abstract. Soil hydraulic properties (SHPs), particularly soil water retention capacity and hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils, are among the key properties that determine the hydrological functioning of terrestrial systems. Some large collections of SHPs, such as the UNSODA and HYPRES databases, have already existed for more than 2 decades. They have provided an essential basis for many studies related to the critical zone. Today, sample-based SHPs can be determined in a wider saturation range and with higher resolution by combining some recently developed laboratory methods. We provide 572 high-quality SHP data sets from undisturbed, mostly central European samples covering a wide range of soil texture, bulk density and organic carbon content. A consistent and rigorous quality filtering ensures that only trustworthy data sets are included. The data collection contains (i) SHP data, which consist of soil water retention and hydraulic conductivity data, determined by the evaporation method and supplemented by retention data obtained by the dewpoint method and saturated conductivity measurements; (ii) basic soil data, which consist of particle size distribution determined by sedimentation analysis and wet sieving, bulk density and organic carbon content; and (iii) metadata, which include the coordinates of the sampling locations. In addition, for each data set, we provide soil hydraulic parameters for the widely used van Genuchten–Mualem model and for the more advanced Peters–Durner–Iden model. The data were originally collected to develop and test SHP models and associated pedotransfer functions. However, we expect that they will be very valuable for various other purposes such as simulation studies or correlation analyses of different soil properties to study their causal relationships. The data are available at https://doi.org/10.5880/fidgeo.2023.012 (Hohenbrink et al., 2023).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1866-3516
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/essd-15-4417-2023
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2475469-9
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Effects of freeze-thaw cycles on soil structure under different tillage and plant cover management practices
    Elsevier BV ; 2023
    In:  Soil and Tillage Research Vol. 225 ( 2023-01), p. 105540-
    Details
    In: Soil and Tillage Research, Elsevier BV, Vol. 225 ( 2023-01), p. 105540-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0167-1987
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2022.105540
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498737-5
    SSG: 13
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Microscale carbon distribution around pores and particulate organic matter varies with soil moisture regime
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  Nature Communications Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2022-04-21)
    Details
    In: Nature Communications, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2022-04-21)
    Abstract: Soil carbon sequestration arises from the interplay of carbon input and stabilization, which vary in space and time. Assessing the resulting microscale carbon distribution in an intact pore space, however, has so far eluded methodological accessibility. Here, we explore the role of soil moisture regimes in shaping microscale carbon gradients by a novel mapping protocol for particulate organic matter and carbon in the soil matrix based on a combination of Osmium staining, X-ray computed tomography, and machine learning. With three different soil types we show that the moisture regime governs C losses from particulate organic matter and the microscale carbon redistribution and stabilization patterns in the soil matrix. Carbon depletion around pores (aperture  〉  10 µm) occurs in a much larger soil volume (19–74%) than carbon enrichment around particulate organic matter (1%). Thus, interacting microscale processes shaped by the moisture regime are a decisive factor for overall soil carbon persistence.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2041-1723
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29605-w
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2553671-0
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