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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, DC, USA : World Bank Group, Development Economics, Development Data Group
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049079560
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (circa 34 Seiten) , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 8649
    Language: English
    Keywords: Graue Literatur
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 2
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049075192
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3431
    Content: "Loayza and Rancire study the apparent contradiction between two strands of the literature on the effects of financial intermediation on economic activity. On the one hand, the empirical growth literature finds a positive effect of financial depth as measured by, for instance, private domestic credit and liquid liabilities (for example, Levine, Loayza, and Beck 2000). On the other hand, the banking and currency crisis literature finds that monetary aggregates, such as domestic credit, are among the best predictors of crises and their related economic downturns (for example, Kaminski and Reinhart 1999). The authors account for these contrasting effects based on the distinction between the short- and long-run impacts of financial intermediation. Working with a panel of cross-country and time-series observations, they estimate an encompassing model of short- and long-run effects using the Pooled Mean Group estimator developed by Pesaran, Shin, and Smith (1999). Their conclusion from this analysis is that a positive long-run relationship between financial intermediation and output growth coexists with a mostly negative short-run relationship. The authors further develop an explanation for these contrasting effects by relating them to recent theoretical models, by linking the estimated short-run effects to measures of financial fragility (namely, banking crises and financial volatility), and by jointly analyzing the effects of financial depth and fragility in classic panel growth regressions. This paper--a product of the Growth and Investment Team, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the sources of growth and volatility"--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 10/19/2004
    Additional Edition: Loayza, Norman Financial development, financial fragility, and growth
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049074951
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3673
    Content: "The authors revisit the debt overhang question. They first use nonparametric techniques to isolate a panel of countries on the downward sloping section of a debt Laffer Curve. In particular, overhang countries are ones where a threshold level of debt is reached in sample, beyond which (initial) debt ends up lowering (subsequent) growth. On average, significantly negative coefficients appear when debt face value reaches 60 percent of GDP or 200 percent of exports, and when its present value reaches 40 percent of GDP or 140 percent of exports. Second, the authors depart from reduced form growth regressions and perform direct tests of the theory on the thus selected sample of overhang countries. In the spirit of event studies, they ask whether, as the overhang level of debt is reached: (1) investment falls precipitously as it should when it becomes optimal to default; (2) economic policy deteriorates observably, as it should when debt contracts become unable to elicit effort on the part of the debtor; and (3) the terms of borrowing worsen noticeably, as they should when it becomes optimal for creditors to preempt default and exact punitive interest rates. The authors find a systematic response of investment, particularly when property rights are weakly enforced, some worsening of the policy environment, and a fall in interest rates. This easing of borrowing conditions happens because lending by the private sector virtually disappears in overhang situations, and multilateral agencies step in with concessional rates. Thus, while debt relief is likely to improve economic policy (and especially investment) in overhang countries, it is doubtful that it would ease their terms of borrowing or the burden of debt. "--World Bank web site
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/12/2005
    Additional Edition: Imbs, Jean The overhang hangover
    Language: English
    Keywords: Fallstudiensammlung
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 4
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048270150
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (42 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Content: This paper reviews the evolving literature that links financial development, financial crises, and economic growth in the past 20 years. The initial disconnect-with one literature focusing on the effect of financial deepening on long-run growth and another studying its impact on volatility and crisis-has given way to a more nuanced approach that analyzes the two phenomena in an integrated framework. The main finding of this literature is that financial deepening leads to a trade-off between higher economic growth and higher crisis risk; and its main conclusion is that, for at least middle-income countries, the positive growth effects outweigh the negative crisis risk impact. This balanced view has been revisited recently for advanced economies, where an emerging and controversial literature supports the notion of "too much finance", suggesting that there might be a threshold beyond which financial depth becomes detrimental for economic growth by crowding out other productive activities and misallocating resources. Nevertheless, the growth/crisis trade-off is alive and strong for a large share of the world economy. Recognizing the intrinsic trade-offs of financial development can provide a useful framework to design policies targeting financial deepening, diversity, and inclusion. In particular, acknowledging the trade-offs can highlight the need for complementary policies to mitigate the risks, from financial macroprudential policies to monetary policy frameworks that monitor the growth of credit and asset prices
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Loayza, Norman Financial Development, Growth, and Crisis: Is There a Trade-Off? Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2017
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
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  • 5
    UID:
    almafu_BV026956286
    Format: 29 S. : , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: CESifo working paper series 684 : Category 5, Fiscal policy, macroeconomics and growth
    Note: Literaturverz. S. 27 - 29. - Auch im Internet unter der Adresse www.SSRN.com oder www.CESifo.de verfügbar
    Language: English
    Subjects: Economics
    RVK:
    Keywords: Finanzintermediäre ; Wirtschaftswachstum ; Bankenkrise
    Author information: Loayza, Norman 1964-
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  • 6
    UID:
    b3kat_BV019862749
    Format: ca. [29] Bl. , Ill., graph. Darst.
    Edition: highly restructured version of "Crises and Growth: a re-evaluation"
    Series Statement: CESifo working papers 1451 : Category 6: Monetary policy and international finance
    Note: Auch im Internet unter den Adressen www.SSRN.com und www.CESifo.de verfügbar
    Language: English
    Subjects: Economics
    RVK:
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  • 7
    UID:
    almafu_BV026956777
    Format: 60 S. : , graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: CESifo working papers 1160 : Category 5, Fiscal policy, macroeconomics and growth
    Note: Literaturverz. S. 57 - 60. - Auch im Internet unter den Adressen www.SSRN.com und www.CESifo.de verfügbar
    Language: English
    Subjects: Economics
    RVK:
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C. :International Monetary Fund,
    UID:
    edoccha_9958121125802883
    Format: 1 online resource (55 p.)
    ISBN: 1-4623-8902-3 , 1-4552-6294-3 , 1-283-55643-X , 1-4552-1151-6 , 9786613868886
    Series Statement: IMF working papers ; WP/10/268
    Content: The paper studies how high leverage and crises can arise as a result of changes in the income distribution. Empirically, the periods 1920-1929 and 1983-2008 both exhibited a large increase in the income share of the rich, a large increase in leverage for the remainder, and an eventual financial and real crisis. The paper presents a theoretical model where these features arise endogenously as a result of a shift in bargaining powers over incomes. A financial crisis can reduce leverage if it is very large and not accompanied by a real contraction. But restoration of the lower income group's bargaining power is more effective.
    Note: "November 2010." , Cover Page; Title Page; Copyright Page; Contents; I. Introduction; II. Stylized Facts; 1. Income Inequality and Household Leverage; 2. Real Income Inequality; 3. Income Inequality and Consumption Inequality; 4. The Variance of Annual, Permanent, and Transitory (log) Earnings; 5. Debt to Income Ratios; 6. The Size of the U.S. Financial Sector; 7. Mortgage Debt and Subprime Borrowing; 8. Mortgage Default - Share of Past Due Loans; III. The Model; A. Investors; B. Workers; C. Technology; D. Equilibrium; E. Calibration; 9. Leverage and Crisis Probability in the Model; F. Solution Methods , IV. Simulated Scenarios10. Baseline Scenario; 11. Less Capital Investment; 12. Nearly Permanent Change in Bargaining Power; 13. High Variable instead of Low Fixed Subsistence Consumption; 14. Orderly Debt Restructuring; 15. Restoration of Workers' Bargaining Power; A. Baseline Scenario; B. Uncertainty; C. High Leverage - Aggravating Factors; D. High Leverage - Solutions; E. Further Discussion; V. Conclusions; References; Footnotes , English
    Additional Edition: ISBN 1-4552-1075-7
    Language: English
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Washington, D.C. :International Monetary Fund,
    UID:
    edoccha_9958114554002883
    Format: 1 online resource (36 p.)
    ISBN: 1-4623-4362-7 , 1-4552-8716-4 , 1-283-55543-3 , 9786613867889 , 1-4552-1096-X
    Series Statement: IMF working papers ; WP/10/263
    Content: This paper constructs a new measure of currency mismatch in the banking sector that controls for bank lending to unhedged borrowers. This measure explicitly takes into account the indirect exchange rate risk that banks undertake when they lend to borrowers that will not be able to repay in the event of a sharp depreciation. Such systemic risk taking is not captured by indicators that are based only on banks’ balance sheet data. The new measure is constructed for 10 emerging European economies and for a broader sample that includes 19 additional emerging economies, for the period 1998 - 2008. Comparisons with previous currency mismatch measures that do not adjust for unhedged foreign currency borrowing illustrate the advantages of the new approach. In particular, the new measure flagged the indirect currency mismatch vulnerabilities that were building up in a number of emerging economies before the recent global crisis. Measuring currency mismatch more accurately can help country authorities in their efforts to address vulnerabilities at the right time, avoiding hurting growth prospects.
    Note: "November 2010." , Cover Page; Title Page; Copyright Page; Contents; I. Introduction; 1. Bank Loans in Foreign Currency in Percent of Total Bank Loans, Emerging Europe, 2007; II. A New Measure of Currency Mismatch; III. Measuring Currency Mismatch in Emerging Europe; 2. Currency Mismatch in Emerging Europe, 1998-08; 3. Currency Mismatches in Emerging Europe, with and without Adjustment for Unhedged Lending, 2007; 1. Currency Mismatches in Emergency Europe in Percent of Bank Sector Assets: Adjusting for Unhedged Borrowing, 2004-07; 2. Currency Mismatch Measures in Emerging Europe, 2004-07 , IV. Measuring Currency Mismatch in Emerging Economies4. Currency Mismatch in Emerging Economies, 2008; 5. Increase in Currency Mismatch in Emerging Economies before the Crisis (2004-07); V. Concluding Remarks; Appendix. Calculation of Currency Mismatch and Data Sources; 1. Currency Mismatch Data; 2. Currency Mismatch Data (using only IFS data for foreign assets and liabilities); References; Footnotes , English
    Additional Edition: ISBN 1-4552-1070-6
    Language: English
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    [Washington, D.C.] :International Monetary Fund, IMF Institute,
    UID:
    edocfu_9958072891802883
    Format: 1 online resource (35 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 1-4623-3365-6 , 1-4527-5316-4 , 1-283-36412-3 , 9786613823564 , 1-4519-0942-X
    Series Statement: IMF working paper ; WP/06/229
    Content: We present a model of the optimal level of international reserves for a small open economy that is vulnerable to sudden stops in capital flows. Reserves allow the country to smooth domestic absorption in response to sudden stops, but yield a lower return than the interest rate on the country's long-term debt. We derive a formula for the optimal level of reserves, and show that plausible calibrations can explain reserves of the order of magnitude observed in many emerging market countries. However, the recent buildup of reserves in Asia seems in excess of what would be implied by an insurance motive against sudden stops.
    Note: "October 2006". , ""Contents""; ""I. INTRODUCTION""; ""II. SUDDEN STOPS AND RESERVES: SOME FACTS""; ""III. THE MODEL""; ""IV. APPLICATIONS""; ""V. EXTENSIONS""; ""VI. CONCLUDING COMMENTS""; ""APPENDIX: COMPUTATIONS""; ""REFERENCES"" , English
    Additional Edition: ISBN 1-4518-6489-2
    Language: English
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