X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Labor Market Distortions, Rural-Urban Inequality, and the Opening of China's Economy (2004)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049075169
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (41 Seiten))
    Edition: Online-Ausg
    Content: Hertel and Zhai evaluate the impact of two key factor market distortions in China on rural-urban inequality and income distribution. They find that creation of a fully functioning land market has a significant impact on rural-urban inequality. This reform permits agricultural households to focus solely on the differential between farm and nonfarm returns to labor in determining whether to work on or off-farm. This gives rise to an additional 10 million people moving out of agriculture by 2007 and lends a significant boost to the incomes of those remaining in agriculture. This off-farm migration also contributes to a significant rise in rural-urban migration, thereby lowering urban wages, particularly for unskilled workers. As a consequence, rural-urban inequality declines significantly. The authors find that reform of the Hukou system has the most significant impact on aggregate economic activity, as well as income distribution. Whereas the land market reform primarily benefits the agricultural households, this reform's primary beneficiaries are the rural households currently sending temporary migrants to the city. By reducing the implicit tax on temporary migrants, Hukou reform boosts their welfare and contributes to increased rural-urban migration. The combined effect of both factor market reforms is to reduce the urban-rural income ratio dramatically, from 2.59 in 2007 under the authors' baseline scenario to 2.27. When viewed as a combined policy package, along with WTO accession, rather than increasing inequality in China, the combined impact of product and factor market reforms significantly reduces rural-urban income inequality. This is an important outcome in an economy currently experiencing historic levels of rural-urban inequality. This paper-a product of the Trade Team, Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to evaluate the poverty impacts of trade policy reforms
    Additional Edition: Zhai, Fan Labor Market Distortions, Rural-Urban Inequality, and the Opening of China's Economy
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Online Access
    Stabi Berlin
    HWR Berlin
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    TH Brandenburg
    HTW Berlin
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Implicit Pension Debt, Transition Cost, Options, and Impact of China's Pension Reform : A Computable General Equilibrium A (2001)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049076039
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (52 Seiten))
    Edition: Online-Ausg
    Content: China's population is aging rapidly: the old-age dependency ratio will rise from 11 percent in 1999 to 25 percent in 2030 and 36 percent in 2050. Currently, three workers support one retiree; without reform, the system dependency ratio will climb to 69 percent in 2030 and 79 percent in 2050. The pension system has been in deficit, with an implicit pension debt in 2000 as high as 71 percent of GDP. The lack of an effective, sustainable pension system is a serious obstacle to Chinese economic reform. The main problems with China's pension system-the heavy pension burdens of state enterprises and the aging of the population-have deepened in recent years. Using a new computable general equilibrium model that differentiates between three types of enterprise ownership and 22 groups in the labor force, Wang, Xu, Wang, and Zhai estimate the effects of pension reform in China, comparing various options for financing the transition cost.
    Content: They examine the impact that various reform options would have on the system's sustainability, on overall economic growth, and on income distribution. The results are promising. The current pay-as-you-go system, with a notional individual account, remains unchanged in the first scenario examined. Simulations show this system to be unsustainable. Expanding coverage under this system would improve financial viability in the short run but weaken it in the long run. Other scenarios assume that the transition cost will be financed by various taxes and that a new, fully funded individual account will be established in 2001. The authors compare the impact of a corporate tax, a value-added tax, a personal income tax, and a consumption tax. They estimate the annual transition cost to be about 0.6 percent of GDP between 2000 and 2010, declining to 0.3 percent by 2050. Using a personal income tax to finance the transition cost would best promote economic growth and reduce income inequality.
    Content: Levying a social security tax and injecting fiscal resources to finance the transition costs would help make the reformed public pillar sustainable. To finance a benefit of 20 percent of the average wage, a contribution rate of only 10 percent-12.5 percent would be enough to balance the basic pension pillar. Gradually increasing the retirement age would further reduce the contribution rate. This paper-a product of the Economic Policy and Poverty Reduction Division, World Bank Institute-was presented at the conference Developing through Globalization: China's Opportunities and Challenges in the New Century (Shanghai, China, July 5-7, 2000). The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project "Efficiency and Distribution Effects of China's Social Security Reform" (RPO 683-52). The authors may be contacted at ywang2@worldbank.org or zwang@ers.usda.gov
    Additional Edition: Wang, Zhi Implicit Pension Debt, Transition Cost, Options, and Impact of China's Pension Reform
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Online Access
    Stabi Berlin
    HWR Berlin
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    TH Brandenburg
    HTW Berlin
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Economic and Poverty Impacts of Agricultural, Trade, and Factor Market Reforms in China (2009)
    Washington, D.C : The World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048268750
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Series Statement: Other papers
    Content: Capitalizing on the most recent estimates of agricultural price distortions in China and in other countries, this paper assesses the economic and poverty impact of global and domestic trade reform in China. It also examines the interplay between the trade reforms and factor market reforms aimed at improving the allocation of labor within the Chinese economy. The results suggest that trade reforms in the rest of the world, land reform and hukou reform all serve to reduce poverty, while unilateral trade reforms result in a small poverty increase. Agricultural distortions are important factors in determining the distributional and poverty effects of trade reform packages, although their impacts on aggregate trade and welfare appear to be small. A comprehensive reform package which bundles the reforms in commodity and factor markets together may benefit all broad household groups in China
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1596/28156
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Online Access
    Open Access Request
    Stabi Berlin
    UB Potsdam
    EUV Frankfurt
    HTW Berlin
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Impacts of the Doha development agenda on China : the role of labor markets and complementary education reforms (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049074922
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3702
    Content: "The authors assess the implications of multilateral trade reforms for poverty in China. They do so by combining results from a global modeling exercise with a national CGE model that features disaggregated households in both the rural and urban sectors. They examine two trade reform scenarios: one involving global trade liberalization, and one involving possible Doha Development Agenda reforms. Using the World Bank's
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/1/2005
    Additional Edition: Zhai, Fan Impacts of the Doha development agenda on China
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    URL: Volltext
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Online Access
    HWR Berlin
    EUV Frankfurt
    TH Brandenburg
    HTW Berlin
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Impacts of the Doha development agenda on China : the role of labor markets and complementary education reforms (2005)
    [Washington, D.C] : World Bank
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_724217215
    Format: Online-Ressource
    Edition: Online-Ausg. World Bank E-Library Archive Also available in print
    Series Statement: Policy research working paper 3702
    Content: "The authors assess the implications of multilateral trade reforms for poverty in China. They do so by combining results from a global modeling exercise with a national CGE model that features disaggregated households in both the rural and urban sectors. They examine two trade reform scenarios: one involving global trade liberalization, and one involving possible Doha Development Agenda reforms. Using the World Bank's
    Note: Includes bibliographical references , Title from PDF file as viewed on 9/1/2005 , Also available in print.
    Additional Edition: Zhai, Fan Impacts of the Doha development agenda on China
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (Deutschlandweit zugänglich)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Online Access
    Stabi Berlin
    UB Potsdam
    MPI Bildungsforschung
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Agricultural and Human Health Impacts of Climate Policy in China : A General Equilibrium Analysis with Special Reference to Guangdong (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_729994066
    Format: 84 p. , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers no.206
    Content: China’s climate policy over the coming decades will be crucial to efforts to slow global warming. While CO2 emissions growth slowed in the 1990s, it is too early to know if this represents the beginning of a long-term downward trend in the carbon intensity of China’s economy. Climate policymaking needs to consider the full range of economic costs and benefits of slowing greenhouse gas emissions growth. Like other developing countries, China’s medium-term preoccupation is with ensuring poverty-reducing economic growth, so climate policy must be both effective and consistent with this developmental goal. This study of health and agricultural productivity effects of a carbon tax shows that there is considerable scope for slowing emissions growth without diminishing economic welfare. The health benefits of reduced local pollution are significant, and the welfare gains from improved agricultural productivity are almost as large. When both health and agricultural benefits of a carbon tax ...
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1787/110657276654
    URL: Volltext
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Online Access
    Open Access Request
    Stabi Berlin
    UB Potsdam
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Agricultural and Human Health Impacts of Climate Policy in China : A General Equilibrium Analysis with Special Reference to Guangdong (2003)
    Paris : OECD Publishing
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV047934574
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (84 Seiten) , 21 x 29.7cm
    Series Statement: OECD Development Centre Working Papers
    Content: China's climate policy over the coming decades will be crucial to efforts to slow global warming. While CO2 emissions growth slowed in the 1990s, it is too early to know if this represents the beginning of a long-term downward trend in the carbon intensity of China's economy. Climate policymaking needs to consider the full range of economic costs and benefits of slowing greenhouse gas emissions growth. Like other developing countries, China's medium-term preoccupation is with ensuring poverty-reducing economic growth, so climate policy must be both effective and consistent with this developmental goal. This study of health and agricultural productivity effects of a carbon tax shows that there is considerable scope for slowing emissions growth without diminishing economic welfare. The health benefits of reduced local pollution are significant, and the welfare gains from improved agricultural productivity are almost as large. When both health and agricultural benefits of a carbon tax ...
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1787/110657276654
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Online Access
    Open Access Request
    FU Berlin
    EUV Frankfurt
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    From Growth to Convergence : Asia's Next Two Decades (2009)
    Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_1670082970
    Format: Online-Ressource
    ISBN: 9780230250604
    Content: The economic landscape of Asia has transformed in the past two decades. Regional economies are linked, and have achieved prosperity. The region must now look to the future. This book explores issues in Asia's long-term development, identifying conditions for sustained growth and income convergence.
    Note: Description based upon print version of record
    Additional Edition: ISBN 9780230221765
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 9780230221765
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 9781349307296
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 9781349307289
    Language: English
    Keywords: Electronic books
    DOI: 10.1057/9780230250604
    URL: Volltext
    URL: Deutschlandweit zugänglich
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Online Access
    Open Access Request
    Stabi Berlin
    UB Potsdam
  • 9
    Book
    Book
    The Trans-Pacific Partnership and Asia-Pacific integration : a quantitative assessment (2012)
    Washington, DC : Peterson Institute for International Economics
    Details
    UID:
    b3kat_BV042218317
    Format: XIV, 143 S. , graph. Darst. , 23 cm
    ISBN: 9780881326642
    Series Statement: Policy analyses in international economics 98
    Content: "While global trade negotiations remain stalled, two tracks of trade negotiations in the Asia-Pacific...the proposed Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) agreement and a parallel Asian track...could generate momentum for renewed liberalization and provide pathways to region-wide free trade. We estimate that world income would rise by $295 billion per year on the TPP track, by $766 billion if both tracks are successful, and by $1.9 trillion if the tracks ultimately combine to yield region-wide free trade. The tracks are competitive initially but their strategic implications appear to be constructive: they generate incentives for enlargement and mutual progress and, over time, for region-wide consolidation. The "21st century" template of the TPP would be especially productive because it is likely to offer opportunities for the leading sectors of both emerging-market and advanced economies. An ambitious TPP template would generate greater gains from integration than less demanding alternatives, but it will be harder to sell to China and other key regional partners as the TPP evolves toward wider agreements. The crucial importance of Asia-Pacific integration argues for an early conclusion of the TPP negotiations, but without jeopardizing the prospects for region-wide or even global agreements based on it in the future"...Provided by publisher
    Note: Literaturverz. S. 133 - 136
    Language: English
    Subjects: Economics
    RVK:
    QM 230
    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Book
    FU Berlin get availability status
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Joint Source-Channel Video Transmission (2007)
    Cham : Springer International Publishing | Cham : Imprint: Springer
    Details
    UID:
    gbv_182390033X
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource(CXL, 12 p.)
    Edition: 1st ed. 2007.
    ISBN: 9783031022449
    Series Statement: Synthesis Lectures on Image, Video, and Multimedia Processing
    Content: Contents: Introduction -- Elements of a Video Communication System -- Joint Source-Channel Coding -- Error-Resilient Video Coding -- Channel Modeling and Channel Coding -- Internet Video Transmission -- Wireless Video Transmission -- Conclusions.
    Content: This book deals with the problem of joint source-channel video transmission, i.e., the joint optimal allocation of resources at the application layer and the other network layers, such as data rate adaptation, channel coding, power adaptation in wireless networks, quality of service (QoS) support from the network, and packet scheduling, for efficient video transmission. Real-time video communication applications, such as videoconferencing, video telephony, and on-demand video streaming, have gained increased popularity. However, a key problem in video transmission over the existing Internet and wireless networks is the incompatibility between the nature of the network conditions and the QoS requirements (in terms, for example, of bandwidth, delay, and packet loss) of real-time video applications. To deal with this incompatibility, a natural approach is to adapt the end-system to the network. The joint source-channel coding approach aims to efficiently perform content-aware cross-layer resource allocation, thus increasing the communication efficiency of multiple network layers. Our purpose in this book is to review the basic elements of the state-of-the-art approaches toward joint source-channel video transmission for wired and wireless systems. In this book, we present a general resource-distortion optimization framework, which is used throughout the book to guide our discussions on various techniques of joint source-channel video transmission. In this framework, network resources from multiple layers are assigned to each video packet according to its level of importance. It provides not only an optimization benchmark against which the performance of other sub-optimal systems can be evaluated, but also a useful tool for assessing the effectiveness of different error control components in practical system design. This book is therefore written to be accessible to researchers, expert industrial R&D engineers, and university students who are interested in the cutting edge technologies in joint source-channel video transmission. Contents: Introduction / Elements of a Video Communication System / Joint Source-Channel Coding / Error-Resilient Video Coding / Channel Modeling and Channel Coding / Internet Video Transmission / Wireless Video Transmission / Conclusions.
    Additional Edition: ISBN 9783031011160
    Additional Edition: ISBN 9783031033728
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 9783031011160
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe ISBN 9783031033728
    Language: English
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-02244-9
    URL: lizenzpflichtig
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
    Open Access Request
    UB Potsdam
Nothing or not found what you are looking for? Please check your search query or use the Interlibrary Loan Search.
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. Further information can be found on the KOBV privacy pages