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  • 1
    Book
    Book
    Quedlinburg : Julius Kühn-Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Kulturpflanzen
    UID:
    b3kat_BV044869798
    Format: 198 Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    ISBN: 9783955470456
    Series Statement: Dissertationen aus dem Julius Kühn-Institut
    Note: Dissertation Technische Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig 2017 , Text englisch, Zusammenfassung in deutscher und englischer Sprache
    Language: English
    Keywords: Salmonella ; Gemüsebau ; Bodenmikrobiologie ; Hochschulschrift
    Author information: Jahn, Dieter 1959-
    Author information: Fornefeld, Eva 1988-
    Author information: Smalla, Kornelia 1956-
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  • 2
    UID:
    almahu_BV024928472
    Format: 115 Bl. : , Ill.
    Note: Halle-Wittenberg, Univ., Diss. A, 1985
    Language: German
    Keywords: Hochschulschrift
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin, Heidelberg :Springer Berlin Heidelberg :
    UID:
    almahu_9949419298502882
    Format: XXIII, 458 p. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2006.
    ISBN: 9783540294498
    Series Statement: Soil Biology, 8
    Content: With millions of different bacterial species living in soil, the microbial community is extremely complex, varying at very small scales. Microbe-driven functions are essential for most processes in soil. Thus, a better understanding of this microbial diversity will be invaluable for the management of the various soil functions. Nucleic Acids and Proteins in Soil combines traditional approaches in soil microbiology and biochemistry with the latest techniques in molecular microbial ecology. Included are methods to analyse the presence and importance of nucleic acids and proteins both inside and outside microbial cells, the horizontal gene transfer which drives bacterial diversity, as well as soil proteomes. Further chapters describe techniques such as PCR, fingerprinting, the challenging use of gene arrays for structural and functional analysis, stable isotope probing to identify in situ metabolic functions, and the use of marker and reporter genes in soil microbial ecology.
    Note: New Frontiers in Soil Microbiology: How To Link Structure and Function of Microbial Communities? -- Chemical Structure of Organic N and Organic P in Soil -- Nucleic Acid Extraction from Soil -- Role of Stabilised Enzymes in Microbial Ecology and Enzyme Extraction from Soil with Potential Applications in Soil Proteomics -- Soil Proteomics: Extraction and Analysis of Proteins from Soils -- The Various Sources and the Fate of Nucleic Acids in Soil -- Stabilization of Extracellular DNA and Proteins by Transient Binding to Various Soil Components -- Assessing Bacterial and Fungal Community Structure in Soil Using Ribosomal RNA and Other Structural Gene Markers -- Advances in Microarray-Based Technologies for Soil Microbial Community Analyses -- Stable Isotope Probing: A Critique of Its Role in Linking Phylogeny and Function -- Gene Detection, Expression and Related Enzyme Activity in Soil -- Enzyme Activities in Soil -- How to Assess the Abundance and Diversity of Mobile Genetic Elements in Soil Bacterial Communities? -- Bacterial Conjugation in Soil -- Horizontal Gene Transfer by Natural Transformation in Soil Environment -- Reporter Genes in Bacterial Inoculants Can Monitor Life Conditions and Functions in Soil -- Reporter Gene Technology in Soil Ecology; Detection of Bioavailability and Microbial Interactions -- Marker Genes As Tools To Study Deliberately Released Soil Bacteria.
    In: Springer Nature eBook
    Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9783642067297
    Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9783540816874
    Additional Edition: Printed edition: ISBN 9783540294481
    Language: English
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  • 4
    UID:
    gbv_1801077967
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (101 Seiten, 3,29 MB) , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    Series Statement: Umwelt & Gesundheit 2022, 03
    Content: Mit der bodenbezogenen Verwertung von Klärschlämmen als Dünger sind Risiken verbunden. Zum einen enthalten diese eine hohe Vielfalt an Bakterien (einschließlich Pathogenen), zum anderen sind sie mit einer Vielzahl an Schadstoffen verunreinigt, von denen einige Gruppen (z.B. Schwermetalle, Antibiotika und Desinfektionsmittel) selektiv auf Antibiotika-resistente Bakterien wirken. Da in Kläranlagen Bakterien aus unterschiedlichen Einspeisungsquellen unter hoher Nährstoffverfügbarkeit und in Gegenwart dieser selektiven Substanzen inkubiert werden, stellen Kläranlagen sogenannte „hotspots“ für horizontalen Gentransfer dar. Dieser Gentransfer erfolgt über mobile genetische Elemente, welche den Austausch von genetischem Material (einschließlich von Resistenzgenen) zwischen unterschiedlichen Bakterienarten ermöglichen. Entsprechend gelten Klärschlämme als eine der Haupteintragsrouten von Schadstoffen, Antibiotika-resistenten Bakterien, Antibiotika-Resistenzgenen und mobilen genetischen Elementen in den Boden. Ziel dieser Studie war es, den Einfluss der Konzentration von selektiven Substanzen in Klärschlämmen aus Abwasserbehandlungsanlagen kleiner bis mittlerer Ausbaugröße auf das Auftreten von Antibiotika-Resistenzgenen, mobilen genetischen Elementen und deren Übertragbarkeit auf andere Bakterien, sowie auf das Auftreten von Indikatorbakterien zu untersuchen. Desweiteren wurde das Schicksal von Resistenzgenen und mobilen genetischen Elementen nach Klärschlammausbringung in Bodenmikrokosmen untersucht. Basierend auf den Ergebnissen und der bestehenden Fachliteratur sollen möglichst Grenzwerte für die Konzentration an selektiven Schadstoffen in Klärschlämmen vorgeschlagen werden. Die Ergebnisse der Studie lassen erkennen, dass Klärschlämme aus kleinen Abwasserbehandlungsanlagen ähnlich stark mit Resistenzgenen, mobilen genetischen Elementen und selektiven Substanzen kontaminiert sind wie Klärschlämme aus großen Anlagen. Es ist nicht möglich, aus den gewonnenen Ergebnissen konkrete Grenzwerte für selektive Sustanzen in Klärschlamm abzuleiten. Dennoch lassen sich insbesondere für Fluorochinolone, Doxycylin, Trimethoprim, Triclosan, Kupfer und Zink zahlreiche signifikante und positive Korrelationen zur Abundanz mit Resistenzgenen und mobilen genetischen Elementen feststellen. Diese Substanzen könnten sich als geeignete Kandidaten für die tiefergehende Erarbeitung von Grenzwerten in Klärschlamm dienen.
    Content: The soil-related utilization of biosolids as fertilizer inherits risks. On the one hand, these contain a high diversity of bacteria (including pathogens), on the other hand they are contaminated with a high diversity of pollutants, of which some groups (e.g. heavy metals, antibiotics and disinfectants) pose selective effects on antibiotic-resistant bacteria. As in sewage treatment plants bacteria of different sources are mixed and incubated under high nutrient availability in the presence of selective substances, sewage treatment plants are considered “hotspots” of horizontal gene transfer. This gene transfer takes place via mobile genetic elements, which allow for the exchange of genetic material (including antibiotic resistance genes) between different bacteria. Accordingly, biosolids are considered one of the main entrance routes for pollutants, antibiotic resistant bacteria, antibiotic resistance genes and mobile genetic elements into soil. This study aimed to analyze the effects of the concentration of selective substances in biosolids on the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes, mobile genetic elements and their transferability to other bacteria, and on the detection of indicator bacteria. Further, the fate of resistance genes and mobile genetic elements following biosolid application was analyzed in soil microcosms. Based on the results and the given literature, threshold values for selective substances should be proposed. The results of ths study indicate that biosolids obtained from small-scale sewage treatment plants are contaminated to a similar content with resistance genes, mobile genetic elements and selective substances than biosolids from large-scale facilities. It is not possible to propose limit values for selective substances based on the gained results. Nevertheless, for fluoroquinolones, doxycycline, trimethoprim, triclosan, copper, and zinc many significant and positive correlations were revealed with the abundance of resistance genes and mobile genetic elements. These substances may thus prove as suitable candidates for the in-depth elaboration of limit values in biosolids.
    Note: Abschlussdatum: November 2019 , Zusammenfassung in deutscher und englischer Sprache
    Language: German
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht
    Author information: Smalla, Kornelia 1956-
    Author information: Wolters, Birgit
    Author information: Roskosch, Andrea
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