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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing AG,
    UID:
    almahu_9949602273402882
    Format: 1 online resource (597 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783319967769
    Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Foreword -- Preface -- General Introduction -- References -- Contents -- Contributors -- Part I: Provisioning Services -- Chapter 1: Introduction to Provisioning Services -- References -- Chapter 2: Global Production of Marine Bivalves. Trends and Challenges -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Global Trends -- 2.3 China -- 2.3.1 Aquaculture Production in China -- 2.3.2 Trends and Developments -- 2.3.3 Import and Export -- 2.3.4 Legislation -- 2.4 Europe -- 2.4.1 Aquaculture Production in Europe -- 2.4.2 Trends and Developments -- 2.4.3 Import and Export -- 2.4.4 Legislation, Environmental Issues -- 2.5 Stock Assessment -- 2.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3: Provisioning of Mussel Seed and Its Efficient Use in Culture -- 3.1 Mussel Aquaculture Production -- 3.2 Culture Techniques and Innovations -- 3.2.1 Bottom Culture -- 3.2.2 Bouchot Culture -- 3.2.3 Raft and Longline Culture -- 3.3 Efficient Use -- 3.3.1 Stocking Density -- 3.3.2 Relaying and Thinning Out -- 3.3.3 Predator Control -- 3.3.4 Other Loss Factors -- 3.3.5 Differences in Efficiency Between Species and Culture Methods -- 3.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4: Bivalve Production in China -- 4.1 Overview of the Bivalve Production -- 4.1.1 Production Distribution -- 4.2 Bivalve Seed Production -- 4.2.1 Artificial Breeding of Pacific Oysters -- 4.2.1.1 Choice and Conditioning of Broodstock -- 4.2.1.2 Hatching and Larval Rearing -- 4.2.1.3 Larval Rearing -- 4.2.2 Artificial Breeding of Manila Clam (R. philippinarum) in Ponds -- 4.2.2.1 Construction of the Seed Production Pond -- 4.2.2.2 Preparatory Work Before Seed Production -- 4.2.2.3 Spawning -- 4.2.2.4 Larval Rearing -- 4.2.2.5 Spat and Juvenile Cultivation -- 4.3 Shellfish Longline Farming -- 4.3.1 Oyster Farming -- 4.3.1.1 Pacific Oyster (C. gigas) -- 4.3.1.2 Area Selection -- 4.3.1.3 Facility Set Up. , 4.3.1.4 Density and Scale -- 4.3.1.5 Harvest -- 4.3.2 Mussel Farming -- 4.3.2.1 Thick Shell Mussel (Mytilus coruscus) -- 4.3.2.2 Area Selection -- 4.3.2.3 Facility Set Up -- 4.3.2.4 Nursery Facility -- 4.3.2.5 Harvest of Mussels -- 4.4 Bivalve Bottom Culture -- 4.4.1 Manila Clam Farming -- 4.4.1.1 Mudflat Modification -- 4.4.1.2 Seed Source -- 4.4.1.3 Sowing -- 4.4.1.4 Subtidal Zone Culture (Water Depth Within 20 m) -- 4.4.1.5 Predators -- 4.4.1.6 Harvest -- 4.4.2 Cockle Clam (T. granosa) Farming -- 4.4.2.1 Field Farming -- 4.4.2.2 Pond Farming -- 4.4.2.3 Aquaculture Management -- 4.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5: Production of Pearls -- 5.1 History of Pearl Production -- 5.2 Mother of Pearl -- 5.2.1 Marine Pearl Oyster -- 5.2.2 Freshwater Pearl Mussels -- 5.3 Pearl Production -- 5.3.1 Production Cycle of Pearls -- 5.3.2 Output and Value -- 5.4 Goods from Pearls -- 5.4.1 Types and Value -- 5.4.2 Services -- 5.5 Problems and Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 6: Biotechnologies from Marine Bivalves -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Living Monitors and Source of Versatile Biotechnological Tools -- 6.3 Byssal Threads and Adhesive Plaques as Archetypes for New Biomimetics -- 6.4 Antimicrobials and Other Bioactive Molecules from Marine Bivalves Are Valuable Assets -- 6.5 Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- Part II: Regulating Services -- Chapter 7: Introduction to Regulating Services -- References -- Chapter 8: Magnitude and Extent of Water Clarification Services Provided by Bivalve Suspension Feeding -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Particles Captured by Suspension Feeding Bivalve Molluscs -- 8.3 The Bivalve Feeding Zone -- 8.4 Local-Scale Particle Depletion -- 8.5 Ecosystem-Scale Particle Depletion -- 8.6 Self-Limitation of Water Clarification Capacity -- 8.7 Ecosystem-Based Assessment of Biofiltration Services -- 8.8 Conclusions -- References. , Chapter 9: Feedbacks from Filter Feeders: Review on the Role of Mussels in Cycling and Storage of Nutrients in Oligo- Meso- and Eutrophic Cultivation Areas -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Mussels as Intermediaries in Nutrient Cycling (Eco-Physiology) -- 9.2.1 Filtration -- 9.2.2 Nutrient Storage in Mussel Tissue -- 9.2.3 Excretion of Inorganic Nutrients -- 9.2.4 Biodeposit Release and Mineralisation -- 9.3 Ecosystem Effects of Nutrient Cycling by Mussels -- 9.3.1 Physical and Environmental Characteristics of Mussel Cultivation Areas -- 9.3.2 Nutrient Sinks and Sources -- 9.3.3 Stoichiometry of Regenerated Nutrients -- 9.3.4 Significance at Ecosystem Scale -- 9.4 Perspective on the Regulating Services of Mussels in Nutrient-Poor and Nutrient-Rich Cultivation Areas -- 9.4.1 Physiological Response -- 9.4.2 System Feedbacks -- References -- Chapter 10: Nutrient Extraction Through Bivalves -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Nutrient Extraction Through Bivalve Aquaculture -- 10.3 Nutrient Extraction Through Altered Nutrient Cycling -- 10.4 Additional Mitigation Benefits -- 10.5 Nutrient Extraction and Nutrient Cycling -- 10.6 The Economic Value of Bivalve Nutrient Extraction -- 10.7 Outlook - The Role of Bivalves in Abatement Policies -- References -- Chapter 11: Perspectives on Bivalves Providing Regulating Services in Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.1.1 Pond-Scale Systems: Shrimp-Bivalve IMTA -- 11.1.2 Cascading-Pond Systems: Linking Fish and Bivalves Through Phytoplankton Production -- 11.1.3 Open-Water Caged Finfish Aquaculture: Salmon-Bivalve IMTA -- 11.1.4 Bay-Scale Interactions: Fish-Bivalve-Seaweed Cultivation in Sanggou Bay, China -- 11.2 Discussion -- References -- Chapter 12: Regulating Services of Bivalve Molluscs in the Context of the Carbon Cycle and Implications for Ecosystem Valuation -- 12.1 Introduction. , 12.2 The Role of Calcifying Organisms in the CO2 Budget -- 12.3 The Influence of Organic Carbon on CO2 Fluxes -- 12.4 Ecosystem Services of Non-Harvested and Harvested Populations -- 12.5 Case-Study: Norwegian Cultured Mussels -- 12.5.1 Respiration -- 12.5.2 The Shell -- 12.5.3 The Tissue -- 12.5.4 Egestion of Unabsorbed Food -- 12.5.5 General Budget in the Context of Ecosystem Services -- 12.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 13: Habitat Modification and Coastal Protection by Ecosystem-Engineering Reef-Building Bivalves -- 13.1 Bivalves as Ecosystem Engineers -- 13.2 Characteristics of Epibenthic, Reef-Building Bivalves -- 13.3 Interaction with the Local Environment -- 13.4 Ecosystem Engineers Offer Essential Ecosystem Services Including Coastal Protection and Habitat for Species -- 13.5 Study Case 1: Oyster Reefs for Shoreline and Salt Marsh Protection in Coastal Alabama, USA -- 13.6 Study Case 2: Oyster Reefs as Protection Against Tidal Flat Erosion, Oosterschelde, The Netherlands -- 13.7 Management Applications and Considerations -- 13.8 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 14: Bivalve Assemblages as Hotspots for Biodiversity -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.1.1 Background -- 14.1.2 Scope and Aim of Review -- 14.2 Drivers for Biodiversity in Natural Bivalve Assemblages -- 14.2.1 Bivalve Species -- 14.2.2 Bivalve Density and Patch Size -- 14.2.3 Age and Size Structure of the Bivalve Assemblage -- 14.2.4 Substrate Type and Stability -- 14.2.5 Tidal Versus Subtidal -- 14.2.6 Other Factors -- 14.3 Biodiversity Trade-Offs in Cultured Bivalve Assemblages -- 14.3.1 Mussel Fisheries on Wild Beds -- 14.3.2 Benthic Cultivation Plots -- 14.3.3 Suspended Cultures -- 14.4 Case Study: How Doe Benthic Mussel Culture Activities Affect Subtidal Biodiversity in the Western Wadden Sea -- 14.4.1 Fisheries Impacts on Biodiversity -- 14.4.2 Biodiversity on Culture Plots. , 14.4.3 Integrated Assessment -- 14.5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 15: Enhanced Production of Finfish and Large Crustaceans by Bivalve Reefs -- 15.1 Bivalves As Ecosystem Engineers Supporting Fish Production -- 15.2 History of Quantifying Fish Production from Oyster Habitat -- 15.3 Current Status of Quantifying Fish Production Enhancement by Oyster Habitat -- 15.4 Assumptions and Limitations of the Current Approach -- 15.5 Making the Results Available -- 15.6 Management Applications -- References -- Part III: Cultural Services -- Chapter 16: Introduction to Cultural Services -- References -- Chapter 17: Socio-economic Aspects of Marine Bivalve Production -- 17.1 Background -- 17.2 What Defines Bivalve Culturing Communities? -- 17.3 Cultural Services -- 17.4 Socio-economic Controversies: Benefits, Dependencies, Complementarities -- 17.5 Discussion -- 17.5.1 Critical Processes -- 17.5.2 Working with Socio-economic Indicators? -- 17.6 Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- Chapter 18: A Variety of Approaches for Incorporating Community Outreach and Education in Oyster Reef Restoration Projects: Examples from the United States -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.1.1 Case I - A Community Gives Back: The Role of Community in Restoring Oyster Habitat in the Charlotte Harbor Estuary, Punta Gorda Florida -- 18.1.2 Case II - Billion Oyster Project: Oyster Restoration Through Public Education in New York Harbor -- 18.1.3 Case III - Building an Engaged Community Program Through Shell Recycling: Creating a Win-Win-Win Strategy -- 18.1.4 Case IV - Conservations Corps and Community Engagement: Creating Conservationists with Jobs -- 18.1.5 Case V - Olympia Oyster Restoration in Fidalgo Bay, Washington: How a Single Phone Call Catalyzed the Growth of Community-Based Oyster Restoration in Puget Sound, WA -- 18.2 Conclusion -- References. , Chapter 19: Bivalve Gardening.
    Additional Edition: Print version: Smaal, Aad C. Goods and Services of Marine Bivalves Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2019 ISBN 9783319967752
    Language: English
    Subjects: General works
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    Keywords: Electronic books. ; Aufsatzsammlung
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 2
    UID:
    almafu_BV023514775
    Format: 171 S. : zahlr. Ill.
    ISBN: 0-89381-442-3 , 0-89381-444-X
    Language: English
    Subjects: General works , Art History
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    Keywords: 1890-1976 Strand, Paul ; Fotografie ; Ausstellungskatalog ; Ausstellung ; Ausstellungskatalog ; Bildband ; Ausstellungskatalog ; Ausstellungskatalog ; Ausstellung
    Author information: Greenough, Sarah 1951-
    Author information: Strand, Paul 1890-1976
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  • 3
    UID:
    almahu_9949393975402882
    Format: 230 p.;
    ISBN: 9783830994497
    Series Statement: scholars-Titel ohne Reihe
    Keywords: Aufsatzsammlung
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 4
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048269294
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (37 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Content: This paper discusses the scope for market mechanisms, already established for greenhouse gas mitigation in Annex 1 countries that ratified the Kyoto Protocol, for implementing "net mitigation," defined here as mitigation beyond Annex 1 countries' formal mitigation requirements under the Kyoto Protocol. Such market mechanisms could be useful for establishing and extending greenhouse gas mitigation targets also under the Paris Agreement from December 2015. Net mitigation is considered in two possible forms: as a "net atmospheric benefit," or as an "own contribution" by offset host countries. A main conclusion is that a "net atmospheric benefit" is possible at least in the short run, best implemented via stricter baselines against which offsets are credited; but it can also take the form of offset iscounting whereby offset buyers are credited fewer credits. The latter, although generally inefficient, can be a second-best response to certain imperfections in the offset market, which are discussed in the paper. There is less merit for claiming that "own contributions" can lead to additional mitigation under existing mechanisms
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Strand, Jon Assessment of Net Mitigation in the Context of International Greenhouse Gas Emissions Control Mechanisms Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2016
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 5
    UID:
    almahu_9949393841902882
    Format: 230 p.;
    ISBN: 9783830990451
    Series Statement: scholars-Titel ohne Reihe
    Subjects: Political Science , Ethnology
    RVK:
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    Keywords: Aufsatzsammlung ; Aufsatzsammlung
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  • 6
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048265905
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (40 p)
    Content: This paper develops a new methodology for calculating the "carbon footprint" of air travel whereby emissions from travel in premium (business and first) classes depend heavily on the average class-specific occupied floor space. Unlike methods currently used for the purpose, the approach properly accounts for the fact that the relative number of passenger seats in economy and premium classes is endogenous in the longer term, so adding one additional premium trip crowds out more than one economy trip on any particular flight. It also shows how these differences in carbon attributable to different classes of travel in a carbon footprint calculation correspond to how carbon surcharges on different classes of travel would differ if carbon emissions from international aviation were taxed given a competitive aviation sector globally. The paper shows how this approach affects carbon footprint calculations by applying it to World Bank staff travel for calendar year 2009
    Additional Edition: Bofinger, Heinrich Calculating the Carbon Footprint from Different Classes of Air Travel
    Language: English
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  • 7
    UID:
    b3kat_BV049314776
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (ix, 253 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9781003172840
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe, Hardcover ISBN 978-1-032-00125-8
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe, Paperback ISBN 978-1-032-00128-9
    Language: English
    Keywords: Aufsatzsammlung
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
    URL: Volltext  (kostenfrei)
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  • 8
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048269988
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (18 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Content: A rainforest can be modeled as a dynamic asset subject to various risks, including risk of fire. Any small part of the forest can be in one of two states: either untouched by forest fire, or already damaged by fire, in which case there is both a local forest loss and increased dryness over a broader area. In this paper, two Bellman equations are constructed, one for unharmed forest and a second for already burnt forest. The analysis solves the two equations for the total expected asset values in each of the two states, assuming that asset returns have a constant growth rate over time. The equations are used for deriving the marginal value of standing (unburnt) rainforest, equivalent to the expected discounted value loss when losing a small additional forest patch. The paper shows that marginal forest value is increased by the additional dryness and forest fire risk that follow from forest fragmentation when additional forest is lost locally. Both forest fires and dryness here serve as "multipliers" to the basic services return loss, within and outside the forest. The paper also presents a framework for calibrating the impact of the forest fire risk component on forest value
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Strand, Jon Modeling the Marginal Value of Rainforest Losses: A Dynamic Value Function Approach Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2015
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 9
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048269966
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (38 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Content: What is the utility from obtaining more precise values of natural resource objects (rainforests), through surveys or other similar information gathering? In the value of information problems studied here, a principal who wishes to preserve a resource sets a price to offer to a seller without knowing precisely the protection value or opportunity value, to the seller. The value of information related to more precise information about the protection value for the principal is a key issue in environmental and natural resource valuation, but it is in most cases implicit and not analyzed. More precise resource values reduce the frequency of two types of mistakes (saving the resource when it should not be saved, and not saving the resource when it should be saved), and increases the principal's ex ante expected utility value. This paper applies the model to Amazon rainforest protection and considers the hypothetical value of perfect information. The analysis finds that the value of perfect information can easily exceed realistic information costs, thus perhaps justifying significant expenditures for valuation studies, given that all available information is used efficiently for conservation decision purposes. The value of perfect information also depends on the nature of buyer-seller interactions, and is higher in the altruistic case, where the principal has full concern for the outcome for the seller
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Strand, Jon Value of Improved Information about Forest Protection Values, with Application to Rainforest Valuation Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2015
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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  • 10
    UID:
    b3kat_BV048269123
    Format: 1 Online-Ressource (48 p)
    Series Statement: World Bank E-Library Archive
    Content: The Amazon rainforest, the world's largest and most biodiverse, represents a global public good of which 15 percent has already been lost. The worldwide value of preserving the remaining forest is today unknown. A "Delphi" exercise was conducted
    Additional Edition: Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Strand, Jon A "Delphi Exercise" as a Tool in Amazon Rainforest Valuation Washington, D.C : The World Bank, 2014
    Language: English
    URL: Volltext  (URL des Erstveröffentlichers)
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