Kooperativer Bibliotheksverbund

UID:

Umfang: 1 online resource (xv, 334 pages) : , digital, PDF file(s).

ISBN: 9781139093521 (ebook)

Serie: Cambridge textbooks in linguistics

Inhalt: In syntactic analysis, as in linguistics generally, the skills required to first identify, and then make sense of, complex patterns in linguistic data involve a certain specific kind of reasoning, where various alternatives are entertained and modified in light of progressively broader empirical coverage. Rather than focus on transmitting the details of complex theoretical superstructures, this textbook takes a practical, analytical approach, starting from a small set of powerful analytic tools, applied first to simple phenomena and then to the passive, complement and raising/control constructions. The analytic tools are then applied to unbounded dependencies, via detailed argumentation. What emerges is that syntactic structure, and intricate networks of dependencies linking different parts of those structures, are straightforward projections of lexical valence, in tandem with very general rules regulating the sharing of feature values. Featuring integrated exercises and problems throughout each chapter, this book equips students with the analytical tools for recognizing and assessing linguistic patterns.

Anmerkung: Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 29 May 2018). , Machine generated contents note: 1. Syntactic data, patterns and structure; 2. Syntactic rules and lexical valence; 3. The auxiliary dependency; 4. Local dependencies and lexical rules; 5. Infinitival complements; 6. The limits of valence: topicalization.

Weitere Ausg.: Print version: ISBN 9781107018884

Sprache: Englisch

URL: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781139093521

URL: lizenzpflichtig

UID:

Umfang: 229 S.

Serie: Amsterdam studies in generative grammar 4

Anmerkung: Amsterdam, Univ., Diss., 1991

Sprache: Niederländisch

Schlagwort(e): Niederländisch ; Hilfsverb ; Infinitkonstruktion ; Italienisch ; Generative Transformationsgrammatik ; Infinitkonstruktion ; Hilfsverb ; Niederländisch ; Hochschulschrift

URL: http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=002809587&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA

UID:

Umfang: 1 online resource (247 p.)

Ausgabe: 1st ed.

ISBN: 1-282-48495-8 , 9786612484957 , 90-272-8865-8

Serie: Linguistik aktuell ; Bd. 149

Inhalt: This monograph presents a theory of ellipsis licensing in terms of Agree and applies it to several elliptical phenomena in both English and Dutch. The author makes two main claims: The head selecting the ellipsis site is checked against the head licensing ellipsis in order for ellipsis to occur, and ellipsis - i.e., sending part of the structure to PF for non-pronunciation - occurs as soon as this checking relation is established. At that point, the ellipsis site becomes inaccessible for further syntactic operations. Consequently, this theory explains the limited extraction data displayed by 'Dutch modals complement ellipsis' as well as British English do: These ellipses allow subject extraction out of the ellipsis site, but not object extraction. The analysis also extends to phenomena that do not display such a restricted extraction, such as sluicing, VP ellipsis, and pseudogapping. Hence, this work is a step towards a unified analysis of ellipsis.

Anmerkung: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph , The Syntactic Licensing of Ellipsis -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- Table of contents -- Preface -- Abbreviations and formats used in examples and glosses -- What is ellipsis? -- 1.1 A mismatch between sound and meaning -- 1.2 Different views on ellipsis -- 1.2.1 Nonstructural approaches -- 1.2.2 Structural approaches -- 1.2.2.1 Null proforms/LF copy -- 1.2.2.2 PF-deletion -- 1.2.3 Summary -- 1.3 Restrictions on ellipsis -- 1.3.1 Recoverability -- 1.3.2 Licensing -- 1.4 Overview of this work -- Dutch modal complement ellipsis -- 2.1 Modal complements in Dutch -- 2.1.1 Epistemic, deontic, and dynamic modals -- 2.1.2 Are modals raising or control? -- 2.1.2.1 Diagnostic tests for the raising/control distinction -- 2.1.2.2 Both deontic and epistemic modals are raising verbs -- 2.1.3 The categorial status of Dutch modals and their complement -- 2.1.3.1 The modal complement -- 2.1.3.1.1 The complement of a modal contains a vP layer. Given that epistemic and deontic modals are raising verbs, the base-generation position of the subject must be below the modal. In other words, the complement of an epistemic or deontic modal must be at least a vP, where the external argument is introduced in [Spec,vP] and little v assigns structural Case to the object (Chomsky 1995). Dynamic willen 'want' and durven 'dare', which are control verbs, also select at least a vP, because there -- 2.1.3.1.2 The complement of a modal contains tense. There is a whole body of literature on the presence or absence of tense in infinitival complements (see Karttunen 1971 -- Stowell 1981, 1982 -- Pesetsky 1992 -- Guasti 1993 -- Rizzi 1993 -- Haegeman 1995 -- Martin 1996 -- Bošković 1995, 1996 -- Boivin 1998. , Felser 1998 and Wurmbrand 2003). In my discussion of modal complements I add to this debate, claiming that Dutch modal complements contain tense and hence are TPs. -- 2.1.3.1.3 The complement of a modal is not a CP. In the previous section we have established that modals select an infinitival complement that contains at least a tense projection. The next question to be asked is whether the modal complement is as big as CP, a full clause. Several arguments indicate that the answer to this question is negative (see also Barbiers 2005). A first argument for this claim is that there is never an overt complementizer in infinitival complements of modals (cf. (36)a, -- 2.1.3.2 The categorial status of Dutch modal verbs -- 2.1.3.2.1 Dutch modals are not inflectional heads. Although much has been said about the category of English modals (Chomsky 1957 -- Jackendoff 1972, 1977 -- Fiengo 1974 -- Akmajian, Steele & -- Wasow 1979 -- Palmer 1983, 1986, 1990, 2001 -- Bobaljik 1995 -- Bobaljik and Thráinsson 1998), Dutch modals have received relatively little discussion. I compare Dutch modals to English ones, showing that they cannot be considered of the same categorial status. -- 2.1.3.2.2 Dutch modals are not auxiliaries. I have argued that Dutch modals, as opposed to English modals, are not inflectional heads. The next option to consider is whether they are auxiliaries (see also Abraham 2002 for German modals). -- 2.1.3.2.3 Dutch modals are Mod/V heads. In the literature modal verbs in Dutch and German have been considered the head of their own functional projection ModP, and not lexical V heads (see Cinque 1999, Wurmbrand 2003, Barbiers 2005, among others). Overall, however, Dutch modals do not behave significantly different from other verbs that can select a (tensed) infinitival complement, such as besluiten 'decide' or leren 'learn'. -- 2.1.4 Summary. , 2.2 Dutch modal complement ellipsis: Properties -- 2.2.1 MCE is only allowed with root modals -- 2.2.2 MCE affects a complete constituent -- 2.2.3 Extraction -- 2.2.3.1 Subject extraction -- 2.2.3.2 Object extraction -- 2.2.3.2.1 Object scrambling. Dutch displays a form of word reordering called object scrambling. Pronominal objects have to move out of the verb phrase across negation. The same holds for definite full DP objects, although scrambling is preferred rather than obligatory in this case. This is illustrated in the following examples in (82) where the direct objects je 'you', het 'it' and dat boek 'that boek' and the indirect object hem 'him' cannot follow sentential negation and certain adverbs. -- 2.2.3.2.2 Wh-object extraction. Next, I consider the less clear-cut cases. I first discuss wh-extraction out of the MCE ellipsis site and then turn to topicalization. Recall that the sentence in (81), repeated here as (87), is ungrammatical as a result of the wh-object extraction. -- 2.2.3.2.3 Topicalization. A third kind of object extraction out of the ellipsis site, next to scrambling and wh-movement, is topicalization. Dagnac (2007) argues that in French MCE topicalization is possible. In the examples in (94)a,b the direct object is contrasted with the object in the antecedent and has undergone movement to the left periphery of the clause -- and in (94)c it is the PP indirect object that is topicalized. -- 2.2.3.3 Adjunct extraction -- 2.2.3.4 Summary -- 2.2.4 There-sentences and MCE -- 2.2.5 MCE blocks the IPP effect -- 2.2.6 Restrictions on the position of the antecedent -- 2.2.6.1 Embedded antecedent, embedded ellipsis site -- 2.2.6.2 MCE applies across utterance boundaries -- 2.2.6.3 MCE allows backward anaphora -- 2.2.7 Form mismatches between antecedent and ellipsis site -- 2.2.8 Summary -- Ellipsis licensing -- 3.1 Licensing via Agree. , 3.1.1 The ellipsis licensing head -- 3.1.2 Merchant (2001) -- 3.1.3 Material between licensor and ellipsis site -- 3.1.4 Ellipsis licensing via Agree -- 3.1.5 Summary -- 3.2 Derivational ellipsis -- 3.2.1 The timing of ellipsis -- 3.2.2 Returning to the extraction puzzle -- 3.2.3 Derivational ellipsis -- 3.2.3.1 Limited extraction -- 3.2.3.2 Limited LF movement -- 3.2.3.3 Summary -- 3.2.4 Ellipsis versus phases -- 3.2.4.1 Ellipsis and phases (Gengel 2007a) -- 3.2.4.2 Differences between ellipsis and phases -- 3.2.5 Interaction between ellipsis and phases: Predictions -- 3.2.5.1 An intervening phase head -- 3.2.5.2 No intervening phase head -- 3.3 The analysis of MCE -- 3.4 Explaining the properties of MCE -- 3.4.1 Extraction -- 3.4.1.1 Subject extraction with transitive verbs -- 3.4.1.2 Extraction of a derived subject -- 3.4.1.3 Extraction of a wh-object -- 3.4.1.4 Object scrambling -- 3.4.1.5 Adjuncts -- 3.4.1.6 Antecedent-Contained Deletion -- 3.4.1.7 Summary -- 3.4.2 There-expletives and MCE -- 3.4.3 MCE blocks the IPP effect -- 3.5 The locality restriction on Agree -- 3.6 Summary -- Extending the analysis to other ellipses -- 4.1 Sluicing -- 4.1.1 The licensing head and ellipsis site for sluicing -- 4.1.2 Applying the analysis to sluicing -- 4.1.2.1 An [E]-feature for sluicing -- 4.1.2.2 Predictions for extraction -- 4.1.3 Summary -- 4.2 English VP ellipsis -- 4.2.1 The licensing head of English VP ellipsis -- 4.2.2 The VP ellipsis site -- 4.2.3 Applying the analysis to VPE -- 4.2.4 Accounting for the properties of VPE -- 4.2.4.1 Extraction -- 4.2.4.2 VPE and there-expletives -- 4.2.5 Summary -- 4.3 Pseudogapping -- 4.3.1 The licensor and the ellipsis site of pseudogapping -- 4.3.1.1 The licensing head -- 4.3.1.2 The pseudogapping ellipsis site -- 4.3.2 The movement operation in pseudogapping -- 4.3.2.1 Heavy NP Shift -- 4.3.2.2 Object Shift. , 4.3.2.3 Focus movement (Gengel 2007b) -- 4.3.3 Applying the analysis to pseudogapping -- 4.3.3.1 An [E]-feature for pseudogapping -- 4.3.3.2 Predictions for extraction -- 4.3.4 Summary -- 4.4 British English do -- 4.4.1 The properties of British English do -- 4.4.2 The analysis of British English do -- 4.4.2.1 The licensor of British English do -- 4.4.2.2 The ellipsis site of BE do -- 4.4.2.3 An [E]-feature for British English do -- 4.4.3 Accounting for the extraction data -- 4.4.4 Baltin (2007) -- 4.4.5 Summary -- 4.5 Summary -- Conclusion and issues for further research -- References -- Index -- The series Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today. , English

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 90-272-5532-6

Sprache: Englisch

UID:

Umfang: 1 online resource (vi, 514 pages)

Ausgabe: 1st ed.

ISBN: 1-282-16051-6 , 9786612160516 , 90-272-9559-X

Serie: Linguistik aktuell, v. 69

Inhalt: Many languages have constructions in which verbs cluster. But few languages have verb clusters as rich and complex as Continental West Germanic and Hungarian. Furthermore the precise ordering properties and the variation in the cluster patterns are remarkably similar in Hungarian and Germanic. This similarity is, of course, unexpected since Hungarian is not an Indo-European language like the Germanic language group. Instead it appears that the clustering, inversion and roll-up patterns found may constitute an areal feature. This book presents the relevant language data in considerable detail, taking into account also the variation observed, for example, among dialects. But it also discusses the various analytical approaches that can be brought to bear on this set of phenomena. In particular, there are various hypotheses as to what is the underlying driving force behind cluster formation: stress patterns, aspectual features, morpho- syntactic constraints? And the analytical approaches are closely linked to a number of questions that are at the core of current syntactic theorizing: does head movement exist or should all apparent verb displacement be reduced to remnant movement, are morphology and syntax really just different sides of the same coin?

Anmerkung: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph , Verb Clusters -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC page -- Table of contents -- Verb clusters -- 1. Opening remarks -- 2. Some properties of verb clusters: The view from Germanic -- 2.1. Is there a cluster? -- 2.2. Adjacency -- 2.3. Partial movement and nominalization -- 2.4. Clause union and transparency phenomena -- 2.5. Morphological properties -- 2.6. Trigger verbs -- 2.7. Ordering within a verb cluster -- 2.8. Approaches to the analysis of verb clusters in Germanic -- 3. The view from Hungarian -- 3.1. Is there a cluster? Three types of infinitival constructions -- 3.2. The verbs that cluster -- 3.3. Analyzing verb clusters -- 4. Outlook -- Acknowledgements -- References -- West Germanic verb clusters -- 1. Introduction -- 2. West Germanic verb clusters -- 2.1. The distribution of two-verb clusters -- 2.2. The distribution of three-verb clusters -- 3. Questionnaire-based study of German verb clusters3 -- 3.1. Outline of the questionnaire -- 3.2. Goal and scope of the questionnaire -- 3.3. Consultants -- 3.4. Summary of results -- 4. Empirical generalizations -- 4.1. What are verb cluster languages? -- 4.2. Generalizations of the inversion patterns -- 5. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Appendix -- A. Data and inversion patterns -- B. Questionnaire -- C. Other statistical results -- Hungarian verbal clusters -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Roll-up -- 3. Particle climbing -- 4. Látszik `seem' - a stress-avoiding verb that does not trigger particle climbing -- 5. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Appendix -- I SURVEY 1 -- 3 Question 3 -- II SURVEY 2 -- III THE QUESTIONNAIRES -- Clustering theories* -- 1. Verb clusters -- 2. Headedness and constituency -- 2.1. Extended headedness -- 2.2. Inheritance versus reanalysis -- 2.3. Why OV? -- 2.4. Limits of extended headedness -- 3. Movement and antisymmetry -- 4. The Hungarian connection. , 4.1. Preverbs and particles -- 5. Concluding remarks -- Notes -- References -- ``Roll-up'' structures and morphological words* -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Adverbials on the right -- 3. V-raising in Hungarian -- Notes -- References -- The structure of clusters -- 1. Modeling inflection -- 1.1. The language CAT -- 1.2. Inflectional systems as an instantiation of CAT -- 1.3. Some inflectional systems -- 1.4. Verb (Projection) Raising as an instance of CAT -- 2. The Hungarian verbal system -- 2.1. The verbal system without VMs -- 2.2. The verbal system with VMs -- 2.3. Is roll-up really lexical? -- Notes -- References -- A stress-based approach to climbing* -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Stress in Hungarian -- 3. Stress-driven focus movement -- 4. Particle climbing in a stress-based approach -- 5. Climbing: Syntactic XP-movement -- 6. Cross-linguistic comparison: The Basque particle ba -- 7. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Particles and phonologically defective predicates* -- 1. Phrasal and head particles in Dutch -- 2. Light and heavy verbal modifiers in Hungarian -- 3. Pred verbs with a designated argument in focus? -- 4. Pred verbs with a designated argument in PredP? -- 4.1. Identifying Pred verbs -- 4.2. Summary -- 5. Stress avoiding verbs and verbal modifiers -- 5.1. Verbal modifiers with Pred verbs -- 5.2. Pred verbs are auxiliary-like -- 6. Summary -- Notes -- References -- Climbing for aspect -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Connection between verb clusters and aspect in Hungarian -- 1.2. A theory of aspect in Hungarian based on ``climbing aspectualizers'' -- 2. Aspectual Projection -- 2.1. AspP and/or Referentiality Constraint? -- 2.2. What will make a good aspectualizer? -- 2.3. The aspectualizer of akar `want' and utál `hate' -- 3. The structure of verb clusters -- 3.1. ``Climbing'' preverb in neutral sentences. , 3.2. ``Full roll-up'' in focused sentences -- 3.3. FInfP aspectualizers -- 4. Competing computations -- 5. Concluding remarks -- Notes -- References -- The Hungarian verbal complex -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Preliminaries -- 2.1. The linguistic data -- 2.2. The dual behavior of VMs -- I Evidence for a head analysis -- II Evidence for a phrase analysis -- 3. Basic assumptions -- 4. Inverted order verbal complexes -- 4.1. The Syntactic Light Verb Constraint -- 4.2. The Complex Head Constraint -- 5. Verbal complexes with VM climbing -- 5.1. The VM and the auxiliary: Long VM movement -- 5.2. The VM and the lexical verb: Short VM movement -- 6. Verb typology based on the aspectual feature -- 6.1. Auxiliaries are aspectually defective -- 6.2. Stative verbs -- 7. Further issues -- 7.1. The problems of the dual analysis revisited -- 7.2. Auxiliaries and light verbs -- 8. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Parallel strategies of verbal complex formation in Hungarian and West-Germanic? -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Preliminaries: The minimal verbal complex in Hungarian -- 3. The straight order extended verbal complex in Hungarian -- 4. The Dutch/West Flemish/Swiss German verbal complex -- 5. The inverse order variant of the extended verbal complex in Hungarian -- 6. The German verbal complex -- 7. Deriving the word order of West Germanic verbal complexes -- 8. Can the West-Germanic and the Hungarian verbal complexes be derived in parallel ways? -- Notes -- References -- Do preverbs climb?* -- 1. The problem -- 2. Some parallels between Hungarian and Dutch verb raising -- 2.1. Only in restructuring contexts -- 2.2. No PVC across another PV -- 2.3. PVC from an intermediate verb -- 2.4. Adjacency of the climbed PV and the highest Aux -- 2.5. No coordination below a climbed PV -- 2.6. A difference with Dutch: PVC across an intervening complementizer. , 3. Interaction of VR and V-to-F movement -- 4. Scrambling into the verbal cluster, inversion, and reanalysis -- 5. On the internal order of the Hungarian verb cluster -- 6. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Verbal complexes and morphosyntactic merger* -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Inflectional affixation in Hungarian -- 2.1. Scope effects -- 2.2. On-line morphology: One word form, two syntactic structures -- 3. The failure of phrasal movement analyses -- 4. Extending M-merger to ``roll-up'' V-clusters in Hungarian -- 5. Adverbs and roll-up clusters -- 6. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Infinitival complements of modals in Hungarian and in German -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Data -- 2.1. Modals and inflected infinitives -- 2.2. Impersonal/personal passive constructions -- 2.3. Modals compared with raising and control predicates -- 2.4. Weather verbs under modals -- 3. Raising versus control: vP and CP complements -- 3.1. Problems with proexpl -- 3.2. A split between finite and infinitival clauses -- 4. Modals and restructuring -- 5. Inflected infinitives and modals -- 6. Summary -- Notes -- References -- Agreement and `clause union'* -- 1. The theoretical claims to be defended -- 2. Notes on Hungarian agreement -- 3. Four `clause union' constructions -- 4. Class IV: hagy permissive-causatives -- 4.1. Preverb placement -- 4.2. Definiteness agreement -- 4.3. Person agreement -- 4.4. `Passive infinitives' and the v/AgrO debate -- 4.5. Summary -- 5. On Hungarian object clitics -- 5.1. Person split and the representation of first and second person pronoun phrases -- 5.2. Definiteness, Case and first/second person objects -- 5.3. Order -- 6. Class III: -tat/-tet causatives -- 7. Class II: come/go constructions -- 8. Class I: Auxiliary constructions -- 9. `Clause union' -- 10. Long A'-movement, agreement and Case -- 10.1. Extraction from the embedded clause. , 10.2. The accusative-marked subject is accusative from the start -- 10.3. That-trace avoidance, the Italian way -- 10.4. Clitic and feature movement from SpecCP -- 10.5. Attraction and economy -- 10.6. The Inverse Case Filter -- 10.7. Some consequences -- 11. Concluding remarks -- Notes -- References -- Names index -- Subject index -- List of contributors -- The series Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today. , English

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 1-58811-507-0

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 90-272-2793-4

Sprache: Englisch

UID:

Umfang: 1 online resource (vi, 314 pages) : , illustrations

Ausgabe: 1st ed.

ISBN: 1-282-16122-9 , 9786612161223 , 90-272-9649-9

Serie: Amsterdam studies in the theory and history of linguistic science. Series IV, Current issues in linguistic theory, v. 242

Inhalt: This text originated in the Colloquium on Verb Construction in German and Dutch, held at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig in February 2001. The book represents a number of different schools on the topic.

Anmerkung: Includes some of the papers presented at the Colloquium on Verb Constructions in German and Dutch held Feb. 2-3, 2001, at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig. , VERB CONSTRUCTIONS IN GERMAN AND DUTCH -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC page -- Table of contents -- Introduction -- Chapter 1. Verb clusters and the scope of adjuncts in Dutch -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Dutch cross-serial dependencies in HPSG -- 3. LRS Semantics -- 4. Adjuncts as complements -- 4.1. Syntax -- 4.2. Semantics -- 5. The scope of adjuncts with respect to the matrix verb -- 6. Scrambling of adjuncts and arguments -- 7. A constraint on word order and scope -- 7.1. Multiple adjuncts -- 7.2. Scope of adjuncts and arguments -- 7.3. A semantic constraint on dependency structure -- 8. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- Notes -- Chapter 2. Verbal clusters and cluster creepers -- 1. The issue and the gambits -- 1.1. Core examples -- 1.2. Crossing relations -- 1.3. Gambit (9i): Direct compounding -- 1.4. Gambit (9ii): Full argument exodus -- 1.5. Gambit (iii): Full exodus of heads -- 1.6. Conclusion -- 2. Stress assignment -- 2.1. Grammatical distinctions for metrical trees -- 2.2. X0 heads and XP phrases -- 3. The mechanics of head raising -- 3.1. An option between V0 heads -- 3.2. Predicate licensing and the Extended Projection Principle -- 4. Extensions -- 4.1. The past participle as a cluster creeper -- 4.2. The VP raising -- 5. Conclusion -- Notes -- Chapter 3. V-clustering and clause union -- 1. Overview: Descriptive generalizations and their theoretical implications -- 2. A descriptive survey of V-clustering and clause union in German -- 2.1. The structure of the clusters -- 2.2. Comparison of German and Dutch VCs, especially with respect to IPP -- 3. Towards an empirically adequate modeling of the clustering phenomena -- 3.1. Deriving the Dutch cluster - left-adjunction and/or cliticization to the right -- 3.2. The German cluster structure and IPP inversion -- 3.3. The grammatical causality of clustering. , 4. Grammar-theoretical afterthoughts -- Notes -- Chapter 4. West-Germanic verb clusters in LFG -- 1. Introduction -- 2. West Germanic Infinitival Complements as described in ZK: Dutch -- 3. Variation in the order of verbal elements in Dutch -- 3.1. Properties of verbs taking non-tensed verbal complements -- Verbal complements: Morphological distinctions -- Verbal complements: Functional distinctions -- Verbal complements: C-structure distinctions -- 3.2. Restrictions within the verbal cluster -- Morphological restriction: Infinitivus pro participio -- Ordering constraints in the verb cluster -- Summary: An LFG analysis of Dutch verb clusters -- 4. Prolegomena to a treatment of German verb clusters -- 5. Conclusion -- Notes -- Chapter 5. Subjects in unexpected places and the notion of "predicate'' -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Valence in the verb cluster -- 3. Remarks on linear order -- 4. Fronted (partial) VPs -- 5. Subjects in fronted phrases -- 5.1. Semantic restrictions on fronted verbal projections -- 5.2. The locality of phrase-internal subjects -- 5.3. Raising spirits -- 6. Argument sharing and periphrastic predicates -- 6.1. Valence vs. argument structure -- 6.2. Predicates -- 6.3. Valence increasing environments -- 6.4. An exceptional construction -- 7. Summary and final remarks -- Notes -- Chapter 6. Dutch and German verb constructions in Performance Grammar -- 0. Introduction -- 1. Essentials of Performance Grammar -- 1.1. Hierarchical structures in Performance Grammar -- 1.2. Linear structure in PG -- 2. Dutch verb constructions -- 3. German verb constructions -- 4. Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- Notes -- Chapter 7. Coherent constructions in German -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Tree Adjoining Grammar -- 3. Coherence and clause union: The incorporation approach -- 3.1. Coherent constructions -- 3.2. Clause union: An incorporation analysis. , 3.3. Tree Adjoining Grammar and lexicalism -- 4. Arguments against clause union -- 4.1. Is clause union necessary? -- 4.2. Is clause union sufficient? -- 5. Coherence and tree rewriting: The syntactic approach -- 5.1. A formalism for (relatively) free word order -- 5.2. DSG as a metalanguage for syntax -- 5.3. Deriving coherent and incoherent constructions -- 5.4. Accounting for the data -- 6. Conclusion -- Notes -- Chapter 8. Verb clusters and branching directionality in German and Dutch -- 0. Introduction -- 1. The Semantic Syntax model -- 1.1. General architecture -- 1.2. Branching directionality -- 1.3. The Auxiliary System -- 1.4. Complementation types -- 2. The rule system and some examples -- 3. Matrix Greed -- 4. Dutch V-clusters -- 4.1. Optional and obligatory PR -- 4.2. The Third Construction -- 4.3. Directionality -- 4.4. Creeping -- 4.5. Non-verbal (pseudo)complements -- 5. German V-clusters -- 6. The data problem (with special reference to German) -- 7. Discussion -- Notes -- References -- Index -- The Current Issues in Linguistic Theory (CILT) series. , English

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 1-58811-401-5

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 90-272-4754-4

Sprache: Englisch

UID:

Umfang: xxiii, 395 p.

Ausgabe: 1st ed.

ISBN: 1-282-72159-3 , 9786612721595 , 90-272-8790-2

Serie: Linguistik aktuell/linguistics today, 164

Inhalt: "Structure is at the rock-bottom of all explanatory sciences" (Jan Koster). Forty years ago, the hypothesis that underlying the bewildering variety of syntactic phenomena are general and unified structural patterns of unexpected beauty and simplicity gave rise to major advancements in the study of Dutch and Germanic syntax, with important implications for the theory of grammar as a whole. Jan Koster was one of the central figures in this development, and he has continued to explore the structure preserving hypothesis throughout his illustrious career. This collection of articles by over forty syntacticians celebrates the advancements made in the study of syntax over the past forty years, reflecting on the structural principles underlying syntactic phenomena and emulating the approach to syntactic analysis embodied in Jan Koster's teaching and research.

Anmerkung: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph , Structure Preserved -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- Table of contents -- Preface -- List of works (1971-2010 by Jan Koster -- a. author -- b. to appear -- c. editor -- d. unpublished -- interviews -- Unaccusative verbs in Chinese -- 1. The canonical concepts of ergativity -- 2. The basics of the Mandarin Chinese verb system -- 3. Aspect marking in Chinese -- 4. Unaccusativity tests -- 5. Conclusion: Does Chinese derive the unaccusative in the syntax or in the lexicon? -- References -- Gapping is always forward -- References -- Focus particle doubling -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Focus particle doubling -- 3. Focus particle doubling and the distributional paradox -- 4. The trigger of focus particle movement -- 5. Features of the functional head -- References -- Wh-drop and recoverability -- 1. Topic pronoun drop -- 2. Wh-drop -- 3. The formal license of wh-drop -- 4. An impression from Dutch -- 5. Comparison with L1-acquisition -- 6. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Two futures in infinitives -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Future = modal, or tense and modal -- 2. Temporal interpretations in Dutch infinitives -- 2.1 Propositional infinitivals -- 2.2 Irrealis infinitivals -- 2.3 The analysis of future oriented infinitivals -- 3. Auxiliaries in infinitival clauses -- 3.1 The auxiliary zullen -- 3.2 Future auxiliary in propositional infinitivals -- 3.3 No future auxiliary in irrealis infinitivals -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- A dynamic perspective on inflection -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Deflection -- 3. Deflection as an L2-phenomenon -- 4. Deflection in Dutch -- References -- Is there "preposition stranding in COMP" in Afrikaans? No way! -- References -- Restructuring verbs and the structure of Spanish clauses -- 1. The problem -- 2. Towards a solution -- 3. Further details -- 4. One remaining issue -- References. , Cantonese as a tense second language -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Core ingredients -- 2. Cantonese -- 3. C-domain in Cantonese -- References -- On a selective "violation" of the Complex NP Constraint -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Dressed numerals and the structure of Universal Numeric Quantifiers -- 1. Introduction -- 2. A micro-comparative perspective on UNQ's -- 3. Numerals and emptiness -- 4. e as a reflex of Spec-Head agreement -- 5. Dressed numerical quantifiers -- 6. Alle as a dressed universal quantifier -- 7. Alle vier as an instance of first conjunct agreement -- 8. Conclusion -- References -- Embedded inversion and successive cyclicity -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Belfast English embedded inversion -- 3. Romance embedded inversion -- 4. Conclusions -- References -- Little words don't lie -- 1. Seeming initial adjuncts in English phrases -- 2. A simple solution-with surprising consequences -- 3. Realizing adjuncts with economy of representation -- 4. The N0 suffixal head on pre-nominal adjectives -- 5. Null inflectional heads in English: Not really exceptional? -- 6. Null grammatical N in current English -- References -- Repairing head-to-head movement -- 1. A Pied Piping problem -- 2. The head movement constraint -- 3. The V0-to-V0 trigger -- 4. Final restatements -- References -- On the duality of patterning -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Data compression -- 3. Data transmission -- 4. The emergence of the duality of patterning and structural complexity -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Reflexive cartography -- 1. Reflexives in Old English -- 2. Change in the determiner system -- 3. Modern English reflexives -- References -- What does eye-tracking reveal about children's knowledge of linguistic structure? -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Pronoun interpretation and linguistic theory -- 3. Using eye-tracking to assess children's knowledge. , 4. Children's knowledge of Principle B -- 5. When evidence does not converge -- 6. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Depictives and the word orders of English and Dutch -- References -- Feature percolation in the Dutch possessive -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The problem -- 3. A solution -- References -- On the interruption of Verb-Raising clusters by nonverbal material -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Break-up of verbal clusters -- 2.1 Pure head-initial and head-final orders: 123 and 321 -- 2.2 Mixed clusters (head-initial and head -final subclusters) -- 2.3 Independent evidence: Particles in the verbal cluster in Dutch and Frisian -- 3. Concerning generalisation (9b) and the relation between sisterhood and linear order -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Referring to yourself in self-talk -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Self-talk data -- 3. The thinking self and the mindless self -- 4. The performative hypothesis -- References -- Case-Agreement -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Some considerations for the initial plausibility of Case-Agreement -- 3. Construct State nominals -- 4. False annexation: A problem that is only apparent -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Syntactic predictions in second-language sentence processing -- References -- Notes on French and English demonstratives -- References -- The accusative infinitive in Latin, English and Dutch -- 1. Limits -- 2. The accusativus cum infinitivo -- 3. Ieder meent zijn uil een valk te zijn -- 4. Why an accusative? -- References -- Identifying in Dutch -- 1. Identifying sentences and t-words -- 2. Properties of Identifying Sentences -- 3. Wh-questions & -- answers, anaphors & -- Topicalisation -- limits of contrastive preposing -- 4. T-word - Verb agreement in ISs -- 5. The ban on Awh-preposing and on Topicalising ISR complements. -- References -- What you (and God) only know -- References. , Is agreement resolution part of core grammar? -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Disjoined subjects -- 3. Conjoined subjects -- 4. Discussion -- References -- On Dutch allemaal and West Ulster English all -- The basic problem: Q-float in West Ulster English and Dutch -- References -- The universality of binding principles -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Binding and cross-linguistic variation: The issue -- 2.1. Reflexives and reflexive-marking -- 2.2 Chains and economy -- 3. How primitive can languages be? Demystifying 'exotic' languages. -- 4. By way of conclusion -- References -- Grappling with Graft -- 1. Preamble -- 2. Some examples of grafts -- 3. Graft is Merge -- 4. Graft, internally headed relatives, and the theta criterion -- 5. A typological conjecture -- References -- Game Theory and the control of empty categories in grammar -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Game Theory -- 2.1 Encapsulated Game Theory and linguistic structure -- 2.2 Cooperation and partial control -- 2.3 Cooperation and intentionality -- 3. Implicit objects -- 3.1 Reflexives and empty cooperative objects -- 3.2 Incorporation and evidence for an empty object -- 4. Counter-examples -- 4.1 Implicit dative empty categories -- 4.2 Game Theory application -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Copy what? -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The data -- 2.1 Method -- 2.2 Results -- 3. No more copying? -- References -- Free relatives at the interface -- 1. The problem -- 2. Are free relatives really D-headed? -- 2.1 Determiner morphology on relative operators -- 2.2 Matching effects -- 2.3 Locality -- 2.4 Definiteness -- 2.5 Problems -- 3. Free relatives are free! -- 3.1 Predictions and consequences -- 3.2 Open ends -- Menace under the microscope -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Basic Puzzle: Control Shift -- 3. Raising and Control -- 4. The Control Shift puzzle: Logic and outline of a solution -- 5. Beyond menacer. , 6. Still further inward: Beyond Agents -- References -- Case-alignment and verb placement -- 1. Goals -- 2. Reinterpreting Burzio's Generalization -- 3. The nanosyntax of case -- 4. Ergativity -- 5. Ergative EA in Nom/Acc-languages -- 6. Raising to Acc -- 7. Ergativity and constituent order -- References -- Diminutive Ks? -- 1. Diminutive morphemes and morphological percolation -- 2. Distribution of diminutive forms and inflection -- 3. Problems -- 4. Conclusions -- Don't forget the determiners, Jan -- References -- Empty subjects and empty objects -- 1. Subject clauses -- 2. Specification/parallel construal -- 3. Specification of zero subjects (versus dislocation) -- Island Fever -- References -- Something else on variables in syntax -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Synopsis -- 3. Focus -- 4. The relevance of focus -- 5. Strict and sloppy identity -- 6. Binding is something else -- 7. Conclusion -- References -- Language index -- Name index -- Subject index -- The series Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today. , English

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 90-272-5547-4

Sprache: Englisch

UID:

Umfang: viii, 344 p. : , ill. (some col.).

Ausgabe: 1st ed.

ISBN: 1-282-90457-4 , 9786612904578 , 90-272-8767-8

Serie: Typological studies in language, v. 94

Inhalt: This article revisits the alleged unidirectionality of grammaticalization, focusing on the marginal modal dare, which previous research has discussed as a potential counterexample. Being in its origin a member of the inhomogeneous group of modal auxiliaries, dare has since Early Modern English times developed certain full verb characteristics that would assign it a place near the lexical end of the grammaticalization scale. This study provides detailed corpus data, yielding a complex picture that defies an easy localization of dare on the lexical - grammatical scale: different verb forms of dare have to be distinguished, which appear to occupy different stages of evolution or even tend to drift into opposite directions. The results furthermore point to cross-cutting influences on the marking of dependent infinitives (rhythm, grammatical complexity).

Anmerkung: The present volume finds its origin in the conference "From ideational to interpersonal: Perspectives from grammaticalization" (FITIGRA), held at the University of Leuven from 10 to 12 February 2005. , Formal Evidence in Grammaticalization Research -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- Table of contents -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- References -- On problem areas in grammaticalization: -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Form and function -- 3. Grammaticalization and analogy-based learning -- 4. A brief conclusion -- References -- Corpora -- Abbreviations -- Grammaticalization within and outside of a domain -- 1. The problem and the scope of this study -- 2. Traditional approaches to grammaticalization -- 3. Grammaticalization outside and within a domain: A model -- 4. Point of view of the subject versus unspecified point of view in Hausa -- 5. Perfective versus habitual aspect in Mupun -- 6. Subject suffixes versus object suffixes in Gidar -- 7. Affirmative versus negative clauses in Gidar -- 8. Unmarked tense versus present in Wandala -- 9. Unmarked tense versus specific past in Wandala -- 10. Locative complement versus direct object marker in Hdi -- 11. Inherently locative versus inherently non-locative goal in Hdi -- 12. A scenario for grammaticalization within a domain -- 13. The directionality of grammaticalization within a domain -- 14. Implications -- 15. Open questions -- References -- Abbreviations -- Delexicalizing di -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Previous studies on the development of nominalizer di ~ de -- 3. Delexicalizing di -- 3.1 Etymology and cognates of di -- 3.2 From locative noun to light noun and interrogative pronoun -- 3.3 Intensifier and exclamative functions -- 3.4 Emergence of nominalizer and adnominal uses of di -- 3.5 An attitudinal nominalizer: The rise of sentence-final de -- 4. Another Chinese attitudinal nominalizer - zhe -- 5. Cross-dialectal and cross-linguistic parallels -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- Abbreviations -- Should conditionals be emergent … -- 1. Interrogatives and conditionals. , 2. The grammaticalization perspective -- 3. Asyndetic conditionals as constructions -- 4. Synchronic discourse basis -- 5. Historical data -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- Corpora -- Old English and old high German texts -- Abbreviations -- From manner expression to attitudinal discourse marker -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Type I anders: [+comparative, +phoric] -- 1.2 Type II anders: [-comparative, +phoric] -- 1.3 Type III anders: [-comparative, -phoric] -- 1.4 Outline of the structure -- 2. Identifying intraclausal type I anders -- 2.1 Proportionality -- 2.2 Clefting -- 2.3 Interaction with negation -- 2.3.1 Anders in the scope of negation -- 2.3.2 Anders in initial position of a negative clause -- 3. Identifying strongly interclausal type II anders -- 3.1 Non-applicability of type I criteria -- 3.1.1 Proportionality -- 3.1.2 Clefting -- 3.1.3 Interaction with negation -- 3.2 Accommodation -- 3.2.1 Negative conditionality accommodation -- 3.2.2 Disjunctive accommodation -- 3.2.3 Exceptive accommodation -- 3.3 Interaction with conjunctions -- 4. Identifying weakly interclausal type III anders -- 4.1 Non-applicability of type I criteria -- 4.1.1 Proportionality -- 4.1.2 Clefting -- 4.1.3 Interaction with negation -- 4.2 Non-applicability of type II criteria -- 4.2.1 Accommodation -- 4.2.2 Interaction with conjunctions -- 4.3 Type III anders as an attitudinal discourse marker -- 5. Word order patterns -- 6. Conclusions -- 6.1 The three types of anders in a broader perspective -- 6.2 From synchronic criteria to grammaticalization parameters/principles -- References -- Appendix: The standard lexicographical analyses of anders -- 1. Woordenboek der Nederlandse Taal -- 2. Van Dale Groot woordenboek van de Nederlandse taal -- Grammaticalization and lexicalization effects in participial morphology -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Data. , 1.2 Grammaticalization and lexicalization -- 1.3 Constructional approach -- 2. Old Czech participial adjective -- 3. Case-study -- 3.1 PAs in an event-profiling (predicative) function -- 3.2 Functionally ambiguous PA tokens -- 3.3 PAs in a participant-profiling (modification) function -- 3.3.1 Habitual meanings -- 3.3.2 Resultative meaning -- 3.3.3 Modal extensions: Possibility and purposes/intentions -- 3.3.4 Summary of features in participant-profiling patterns -- 4. Generalizations about partial changes -- 4.1 Grammaticalization vs. lexicalization -- 4.2 Constructional representation of incremental changes -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- Abbreviations -- Frequency as a cause of semantic change -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Data -- 3. Methodology -- 3.1 Grammatical roles -- 3.2 Frequency as linguistic data -- 4. The history of omae -- 4.1 The locative usage -- 4.2 The third person usage -- 4.3 The second person usage -- 4.4 The distributional patterns of omae -- 5. Frequency as a cause of semantic change -- 6. Lexicalization as a reflection of semantic change -- 7. Discussion and conclusion -- References -- Abbreviations -- Texts -- The role of frequency and prosody in the grammaticalization of Korean -canh- -- 1. Introduction -- 2. From negation to interactive marker -- 2.1 Data and methodology -- 2.2 Frequencies of the long and reduced forms -- 2.3 Collocation frequency -- 3. Grammar and information flow -- 4. Fossilization of a high frequency sequence -- 4.1 Conversation opener: Iss-canha(yo) -- 4.2 A high frequency sequence of -canh- -- 5. Intonation patterns and grammaticalization -- 5.1 Boundary tones of the source and target forms -- 5.2 High and low boundary tones of -canh(a) -- 5.3 Distinct functions of the high boundary tone: -canha [H%] vs. -ci anha [H%] -- 5.4 Intonation, grammaticalization, and intersubjectivity. , 6. Phonological reduction and reanalysis -- 7. Conclusion -- References -- Abbreviations -- Emergence of the indefinite article: -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Mandarin Chinese: A language without articles? -- 3. The data and preliminary findings -- 4. Distribution over grammatical functions -- 5. Indefinite marking and departure from numeral classifier usage -- 6. Grammaticalization of yige and the emergence of the indefinite article -- 7. Implications and conclusion -- References -- Abbreviations -- To dare to or not to -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Auxiliarization -- 1.2 The case of dare -- 1.3 Methodological issues -- 2. Dimensions of auxiliarihood -- 2.1 The form of dare: Full verb or auxiliary? -- 2.2 The infinitival complement: Marked or unmarked? -- 3. Beyond (de-)auxiliarization: Influences on infinitival marking -- 3.1 Avoidance of stress clashes -- 3.2 Compensation of syntactic complexity -- 4. Discussion -- 4.1 Summary -- 4.2 Alternative accounts -- 4.3 Conclusion -- References -- Corpora -- Author index -- Index of languages and language families -- Subject index -- The series Typological Studies in Language. , English

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 90-272-0675-9

Sprache: Englisch

UID:

Umfang: 1 online resource (530 p.)

ISBN: 1-283-14143-4 , 1-4438-2450-X , 9786613141439

Inhalt: The present volume contains 43 papers presented at the 2009 issue of the conference GALA - Generative Approaches to Language Acquisition, held in Lisbon. The volume contains a very wide and rich range of topics, reflecting the immense quality of the event: the acquisition of languages from different families is studied; comparisons between acquisition of L1, L2 and atypical language development are made; all areas of language development are explored (phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics,...

Anmerkung: Description based upon print version of record. , TABLE OF CONTENTS; INTRODUCTION; INSTRUCTIVE BILINGUALISM; THE INITIAL PROSODIC TEMPLATE IN BRAZILIAN AND EUROPEAN PORTUGUESE; DEFINITENESS IN POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE EXISTENTIALS IN THE L2 ENGLISH OF RUSSIAN SPEAKERS; INTERVENTION AND ATTRACTION; ACLOSER LOOK AT PRONOUN COMPREHENSION; ANIMACY AND EARLY WORD ORDER; ACQUISITION OF ENTAILMENT RELATIONS IN KOREAN CAUSATIVES; THE ROLE OF D IN THE ASCRIPTION OF GENDER TO NOVEL ANIMATE NOUNS IN EARLY LANGUAGE ACQUISITION; CLITIC OMISSION IS NULL OBJECT , EVOLUTION OF SYNTACTIC COMPLEXITY AND AVOIDANCE STRATEGIES IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH MILD-TO-MODERATE HEARING LOSSON BUILDING UP A SUFFICIENT REPRESENTATION FOR BELIEF; WHEN THE "SCOPE OF THE GAME" RULES THE SCOPE OF NEGATION; THE EFFECT OF CROSSING DEPENDENCIES ON THE ACQUISITION OF PRONOUN COMPREHENSION; THE COMPREHENSION OF RELATIVE CLAUSES AND WH QUESTIONS IN HEBREW AND PALESTINIAN ARABIC HEARING IMPAIRMENT; AN APPROACH TO MULTIPLE INTERROGATIVES IN CHILD BULGARIAN AND POLISH; FINITENESS, SUBJECT-AUX INVERSION AND THE HEAD MOVEMENT CONSTRAINT IN CHILD ENGLISH , ON THE SEMANTICS AND PRAGMATICS OF (HEBREW) COMPOSITIONAL TELICITYAN AUXILIARY/MAIN VERB DISTINCTION IN THE GRAMMAR OF FAROESE CHILDREN; TELICITY MARKING IN DUTCH CHILD LANGUAGE; THE ROLE OF GENDER AND COUNT FEATURES IN THE ACQUISITION OF HET AS A PRONOUN; THE INTONATIONAL PHRASE CONSTRAINTS CODA DEVELOPMENT IN EP; DO CHILDREN COMPUTE SOME OR MOST SCALAR IMPLICATURES; BIMODAL BILINGUAL CROSS-LANGUAGE INFLUENCE IN UNEXPECTED DOMAINS; ROOT INFINITIVES, INFINITIVAL COMPLEMENTS AND SUBJUNCTIVE MORPHOLOGY; SUMMING UP CONSTRAINT LEARNING; YOUNG CHILDREN'S INTERPRETATIONS OF MODAL VERBS , IS IT DIFFICULT TO MOVE FOR YOUNG CHILDRENL2 ACQUISITION OF THE RUSSIAN ASPECTUAL SUFFIX -VA BY ENGLISH SPEAKERS; OVERPASSIVIZATION ERRORS IN L2 JAPANESE; L2 ACQUISITION OF SEMANTICS AT THE SEMANTICS-SYNTAX-PRAGMATICS INTERFACE; ACQUISITION OF INFLECTED AND UNINFLECTED INFINITIVES IN CHILD L1 EUROPEAN PORTUGUESE; INTRODUCTION TO THE ACQUISITION OF FINITENESS IN CAPEVERDEAN; SOME NOTES ON SEMANTICS AND SLI; ACQUISITION OF VOICE ASSIMILATION IN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE; INFLECTIONAL MORPHOLOGY IN CHILD SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION; THE GREEK PERFECTIVE PAST TENSE IN DIFFERENT DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS , THE EFFECT OF NUMBER AND CASE ON RELATIVE CLAUSE COMPREHENSION IN SPECIFIC LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENTCOSTS OF SCRAMBLING, REVERSIBILITY AND CASE MARKERS IN CHILDREN'S ONLINE PROCESSING OF JAPANESE; GENDERLESS NULL PRONOUNS IN LANGUAGE ACQUISITION; THE ACQUISITION OF QUANTIFICATIONAL DOMAIN; L1 ACQUISITION OF NEUTER GENDER IN DUTCH; ON THE ACQUISITION OF OVERT SUBJECTS, TOPICS AND WH-QUESTIONS IN SPANISH; DOU-QUANTIFICATION IN CHILD MANDARIN , English

Weitere Ausg.: ISBN 1-4438-2394-5

Sprache: Englisch